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排序方式: 共有208条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
71.
The factor structure of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA): A survey of Italian adolescents 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cecilia Serena Pace Pietro San Martini Giulio Cesare Zavattini 《Personality and individual differences》2011,51(2):83-88
Despite the intensive use of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), a measure of attachment which centres on individual differences in adolescents and their ability to evaluate their relationships with parents and peers, the factor structure of the inventory requires further investigation. This study of 1059 Italian adolescents compared the three models which are discussed in the literature: the one-factor model (attachment security), the two-factor model (trust-communication and alienation) and the three-factor model (trust, communication and alienation), and examined the influences of age and gender on the IPPA’s scores. Our findings provide support for the reliability of the latest and longer version of the IPPA (75-item). Factor analysis showed that the three-factor model had the best fit, although the three dimensions are strongly interrelated. Sixteen year olds had lower attachment security to their fathers than the results of the other adolescent age groups. Males reported lower alienation scores than females in the paternal form, while females had higher attachment security, trust and communication scores than males in the peers form. 相似文献
72.
The aim of this paper is to assess the relevance of pitch dimension in auditory–motor interaction. Several behavioural and
brain imaging studies have shown that auditory processing of sounds can activate motor representations, an effect which is
however elicited only by action-related sounds, i.e., sounds linked to a specific motor repertoire. Music provides an appropriate
framework for further exploration of this issue. Three groups of participants (pianists, non-pianist musicians and non-musicians)
were tested with a shape decision task where left-hand and right-hand responses were required; each visual stimulus was paired
with an auditory task-irrelevant stimulus (high-pitched or low-pitched piano-timbre chords). Of the three groups, only pianists
had longer reaction times for left-hand/high-pitched chords and right-hand/low-pitched chords associations. These findings
are consistent with an auditory-motor effect elicited by pitch dimension, as only pianists show an interaction between motor
responses and implicit pitch processing. This interaction is consistent with the canonical mapping of hand gestures and pitch
dimension on the piano keyboard. The results are discussed within the ideo-motor theoretical framework offered by the Theory
of Event Coding (Hommel et al. in Behav Brain Sci 24:849–937, 2001). 相似文献
73.
Experimental Evidence From Newborn Chicks Enriches Our Knowledge on Human Spatial–Numerical Associations
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Rosa Rugani Giorgio Vallortigara Konstantinos Priftis Lucia Regolin 《Cognitive Science》2017,41(8):2275-2279
Núñez and Fias raised concerns on whether our results demonstrate a linear number‐space mapping. Patro and Nuerk urge caution on the use of animal models to understand the origin (cultural vs. biological) of the orientation of spatial–numerical association. Here, we discuss why both objections are unfounded. 相似文献
74.
Rossi-Arnaud Clelia Cestari Vincenzo Rezende Silva Marques Valeria Bechi Gabrielli Giulia Spataro Pietro 《Psychological research》2017,81(1):55-65
Psychological Research - Recent studies have begun to investigate the effects of collaboration on explicit tests such as free recall, cued recall, and recognition. In contrast, little is known... 相似文献
75.
Newborn chicks were tested for their sensitivity to number vs. continuous physical extent of artificial objects they had been reared with soon after hatching. Because of the imprinting process, such objects were treated by chicks as social companions. We found that when the objects were similar, chicks faced with choices between 1 vs. 2 or 2 vs. 3 objects chose the set of objects of larger numerosity, irrespective of the number of objects they had been reared with. Moreover, when volume, surface or contour length were controlled for using sets of 1 vs. 4, 1 vs. 6 or 1 vs. 3 objects, chicks resorted to choosing the larger object, rather than the familiar numerosity. When, however, chicks were reared with objects differing in their aspect (colour, size, and shape) and then tested with completely novel objects (of different colour and shape but controlled for continuous extent), they chose to associate with the same number of objects they had been reared with. These results suggest that identification of objects as different and separate individuals is crucial for the computation of number rather than continuous extent in numerical representation of small numerosities and provide a striking parallel with results obtained in human infants. Early availability of small numerosity discrimination by chicks strongly suggests that these abilities are in place at birth. 相似文献
76.
Animals can reorient making use of the geometric shape of an environment, i.e., using sense and metric properties of surfaces.
Animals reared soon after birth either in circular or in rectangular enclosures (and thus affording different experiences
with metric properties of the spatial layout) showed similar abilities when tested for spatial reorientation in a rectangular
enclosure. Thus, early experience in environments with different geometric characteristics does not seem to affect animals’
ability to reorient using sense and metric information. However, some results seem to suggest that when geometric and non-geometric
information are set in conflict, rearing experience could affect the relative dominance of featural (landmark) and geometric
information. In three separate experiments, newborn chicks reared either in circular- or in rectangular-shaped home-cages
were tested for spatial reorientation in a rectangular enclosure, with featural information provided either by panels at the
corners or by a blue-coloured wall. At test, when faced with affine transformations in the arrangement of featural information
that contrasted with the geometric information, chicks showed no evidence of any effect of early experience on their relative
use of geometric and featural information for spatial reorientation. These findings suggest that, at least for this highly
precocial species, the ability to deal with geometry seems to depend more on predisposed mechanisms than on learning and experience
after hatching. 相似文献
77.
David Rose Edouard Machery Stephen Stich Mario Alai Adriano Angelucci Renatas Berninas Emma E. Buchtel Amita Chatterjee Hyundeuk Cheon In‐Rae Cho Daniel Cohnitz Florian Cova Vilius Dranseika ngeles Eraa Lagos Laleh Ghadakpour Maurice Grinberg Ivar Hannikainen Takaaki Hashimoto Amir Horowitz Evgeniya Hristova Yasmina Jraissati Veselina Kadreva Kaori Karasawa Hackjin Kim Yeonjeong Kim Minwoo Lee Carlos Mauro Masaharu Mizumoto Sebastiano Moruzzi Christopher Y. Olivola Jorge Ornelas Barbara Osimani Carlos Romero Alejandro Rosas Lopez Massimo Sangoi Andrea Sereni Sarah Songhorian Paulo Sousa Noel Struchiner Vera Tripodi Naoki Usui Alejandro Vzquez del Mercado Giorgio Volpe Hrag Abraham Vosgerichian Xueyi Zhang Jing Zhu 《No?s (Detroit, Mich.)》2019,53(1):224-247
78.
Training generalized spatial skills 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wright R Thompson WL Ganis G Newcombe NS Kosslyn SM 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(4):763-771
Spatial transformation skills are an essential aspect of cognitive ability. These skills can be improved by practice, but
such improvement has usually been specific to tasks and stimuli. The present study investigated whether intensive long-term
practice leads to change that transcends stimulus and task parameters. Thirty-one participants (14 male, 17 female) were tested
on three cognitive tasks: a computerized version of the Shepard-Metzler (1971) mental rotation task (MRT), a mental paper-folding
task (MPFT), and a verbal analogies task (VAT). Each individual then participated in daily practice sessions with the MRT
or the MPFT over 21 days. Postpractice comparisons revealed transfer of practice gains to novel stimuli for the practiced
task, as well as transfer to the other, nonpracticed spatial task. Thus, practice effects were process based, not instance
based. Improvement in the nonpracticed spatial task was greater than that in the VAT; thus, improvement was not merely due
to greater ease with computerized testing. 相似文献
79.
80.
Lucia Aite Alessandro Trucchi Antonella Nahom Antonio Zaccara Germana Casaccia Pietro Bagolan 《Infant mental health journal》2003,24(6):571-579
The objective of this study is to assess the impact on maternal anxiety of a short‐term intervention in a particularly stressful situation, such as a surgical anomaly diagnosed only at birth after repeated negative prenatal ultrasounds. The patients were 30 mothers of babies requiring surgical correction of a congenital anomaly who were randomly assigned to an intervention (N = 16) or control (N = 14) group. The intervention group received standard care plus short‐term intervention that included weekly meetings with the psychologist and weekly team meetings. The control group received only standard care available on the Neonatal Surgery Unit. The main outcome measure was maternal anxiety levels, assessed at birth and on discharge with the Spielberger State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI–S). Statistical comparisons were made, and no significant differences were found at birth in the STAI–S scores of the two groups. At discharge, the intervention group exhibited a much lower STAI–S score than the group without short‐term intervention. The authors concluded that psychological counseling for parents of newborn babies has been shown to be helpful. However, the impact of such assistance was shown to be particularly beneficial for parents facing the emotional stress of their children requiring unexpected surgical corrections of congenital anomalies at birth. Therefore, the presence of a psychologist, as part of the standard care of newborns requiring surgical correction, is recommended. ©2003 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health. 相似文献