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151.
Jan Pieter Van Oudenhoven Franoise Askevis‐Leherpeux Bettina Hannover Renske Jaarsma Benoît Dardenne 《European journal of social psychology》2002,32(2):275-289
In general, attitudes towards nations have a fair amount of reciprocity: nations either like each other, are relatively indifferent to each other, or dislike each other. Sometimes, however, international attitudes are asymmetrical. In this study, we use social identity theory in order to explain asymmetrical attitudes. Parting from social identity theory, asymmetrical attitudes can be predicted to occur most likely between countries that are linguistically either similar or closely related, but differ in size. Europe, more than any other continent, offers a rich variety of nations which represent natural conditions for our study, such as size and degree of linguistic similarity. In order to test hypotheses derived from social identity theory, we asked respondents (N = 405) from (Dutch‐ and French‐speaking) Belgium, France, Germany, and The Netherlands to fill out a questionnaire on three large nations (Germany, Great Britain, France) and three smaller ones (The Netherlands, Belgium, and Denmark). Results strongly supported hypotheses and confirm that a social identity approach may help to better understand international attitudes. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
152.
Water policymaking strongly depends on expert knowledge, and yet there is a gap between policy makers and research professionals.
This article addresses this issue by presenting a conceptual framework and method for identification of information needs
in a particular policymaking context. The framework deduces information needs not only from pertaining laws and regulations,
but also from strategic stakeholder behavior that can be anticipated in this context. The outcome is then matched with empirically
observed information needs and available knowledge. Framework and method have been applied to the Dutch groundwater protection
policy situation, establishing their effectiveness in exploring strategies to stimulate knowledge development to match stakeholder
information needs.
specializing in water management. He recently graduated on the main subject of policy analysis (MSc in 2001). He did his thesis
research project at the Netherlands Institute of Geological Science TNO—National Geological Survey.
Educated in the field of computer science at Leiden University (MSc in 1985), his research interests have moved from decision
support systems (PhD from Delft University of Technology in 1989) to methods and tools for policy analysis in general. He
currently focuses on the development of Dynamic Actor Network Analysis (DANA) and a Modeling Environment for Design Impact
Assessment (MEDIA). 相似文献
153.
The present study examines the relationship of adult attachment styles with personality and psychological and sociocultural adjustment. A sample of 847 first‐generation Dutch emigrants filled out measures for attachment styles, the Big Five, and indicators of psychological and sociocultural adjustment. Positive relationships were found between Secure attachment on the one hand and psychological and sociocultural adjustment on the other. Ambivalent attachment was strongly negatively associated with psychological adjustment. Dismissive attachment was mildly negatively related to sociocultural adjustment. Significant relations were found between attachment styles and the Big Five dimensions, particularly Extraversion and Emotional Stability. The attachment scales were able to explain variance in sociocultural adjustment beyond that explained by the Big Five dimensions. Intercultural adjustment is discussed from a transactional view of personality. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
154.
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156.
Lack of accuracy in eye-tracking data can be critical. If the point of gaze is not recorded accurately and reliably, the information obtained or action executed might be different from what the user intended. This study reports trackability, accuracy, and precision as indicators of eye-tracking data quality as measured at various head positions and light conditions for a sample of participants from three different ethnic groups. It was found that accuracy and precision for Asian participants was worse than that for African and Caucasian participants. No significant differences were found between the latter two ethnic groups. Operating distance had the largest effect on data quality, since it affected all indicators for all ethnic groups. Illumination had no significant effect on accuracy or precision, but the accuracy achieved by African and Caucasian participants was better when the stimulus was presented on a dark background. Large gaze angles proved to be detrimental for trackability for African participants, while accuracy and precision were also affected adversely by larger gaze angles for two of the ethnicities. 相似文献
157.
Pieter E. Baay Denise T.D. de Ridder Jacquelynne S. Eccles Tanja van der Lippe Marcel A.G. van Aken 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》2014,85(3):443-451
Current labor market entrants face an increasingly challenging job search process. Effective guidance of job seekers requires identification of relevant job search skills. Self-control (i.e., the ability to control one's thoughts, actions, and response tendencies in view of a long-term goal, such as finding employment) is assumed to be one such relevant job search skill. The current study is the first to empirically assess the importance of self-control in the job search process. This is compared to the role of motivation, which is generally considered a crucial predictor of job searching. Based on a sample of 403 Dutch prospective vocational training graduates, we found that higher levels of self-control were related to higher levels of preparatory job search behavior and job search intentions half a year later, shortly before labor market entrance. Self-control was a significantly stronger predictor of job searching than work motivation. Moreover, relations between self-control and job searching were largely independent of motivation, which may suggest that job-seekers benefit from self-control through adaptive habits and routines that are unaffected by motivation. We propose that job search interventions, which traditionally focus on strengthening motivation, may benefit from a stronger focus on improving self-control skills. 相似文献
158.
On the anatomy of social engineering attacks—A literature‐based dissection of successful attacks 下载免费PDF全文
Jan‐Willem Hendrik Bullée Lorena Montoya Wolter Pieters Marianne Junger Pieter Hartel 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2018,15(1):20-45
The aim of this study was to explore the extent to which persuasion principles are used in successful social engineering attacks. Seventy‐four scenarios were extracted from 4 books on social engineering (written by social engineers) and analysed. Each scenario was split into attack steps, containing single interactions between offender and target. For each attack step, persuasion principles were identified. The main findings are that (a) persuasion principles are often used in social engineering attacks, (b) authority (1 of the 6 persuasion principles) is used considerably more often than others, and (c) single‐principle attack steps occur more often than multiple‐principle ones. The social engineers identified in the scenarios more often used persuasion principles compared to other social influences. The scenario analysis illustrates how to exploit the human element in security. The findings support the view that security mechanisms should include not only technical but also social countermeasures. 相似文献
159.
Harrie Boelens Pieter F. M. Kop A. L. Nagel J. L. Slangen 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B: Comparative and Physiological Psychology》1987,39(3):229-244
Pigeons were exposed to a continuous choice procedure where three alternatives alternated in a fixed, recycling order (ABCABC, etc.). Responses were reinforced according to independent variable-interval schedules. For three birds, the reinforcement rate for responses on alternative C was varied. For three other birds, the duration of the changeover delay after the changeover to C was varied. For both groups, the reinforcement rates and changeover delay durations associated with A and B were constant throughout the experiment. The time proportion at A relative to B increased as a function of the reinforcement rate for responses on C and decreased as a function of the duration of the changeover delay during C. The results show that the proportion of time spent at a variable-interval alternative of a continuous choice procedure is not completely determined by the reinforcement rates provided by the alternatives. The results support the assumption that time allocation is governed by delayed reinforcement of changeover behaviour. 相似文献
160.