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571.
Elçin Akdoğan Jean-Marie Danion Pierre Vidailhet Elisabeth Bacon 《Memory (Hove, England)》2016,24(10):1390-1395
Re-reading is the most common learning strategy, albeit not a very efficient one. Testing is highly efficient, but not perceived by students as a learning strategy. Prospective judgment-of-learning (JOL) reflect the learner's impression of subsequently being able to retrieve the ongoing learning in a cued-recall task. Estimating JOL involves attempting to retrieve the information, as in testing. The few studies that have explored the potential mnemonic benefit of JOL have yielded contradictory results. Our aim was to compare JOL and testing with re-study and to examine the impact of these strategies according to the relative difficulty of the material (cue-target association strength) in two experiments. After a first encoding phase, participants re-studied, provided JOL, or took a test. Forty-eight hours later, they participated in a final cued-recall test, during which their confidence level judgments were collected. The main result was that delayed JOL behaved in the same way as testing, and both yielded better performances than re-study when material was of moderate difficulty. The easy or very difficult material revealed no differences between these strategies. JOL is proposed as an alternative to testing when faced with difficult material. 相似文献
572.
Jacqueline Duffour Audrey Combes Evelyne Crapez Florence Boissière-Michot Frédéric Bibeau Pierre Senesse Marc Ychou Julie Courraud Hélène de Forges Lise Roca 《Journal of genetic counseling》2016,25(3):432-442
Reproductive techniques such as prenatal diagnosis (PND) or preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), although debated, are legally forbidden in France in case of Lynch syndrome. The preference of mutation carriers about their reproductive options is not systematically considered in France. We aimed to prospectively assess the reproductive preferences of mismatch repair mutation carriers consulting in our institution (2003–2010, n?=?100). We also considered the short- and long-term post-disclosure psychological impact using the Impact of Events Scale-Revised questionnaire to measure the prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in those patients. Complete data were obtained for 34 respondents (17 males, 17 females, median age of 33.5 years [22–59]). Seventeen respondents (57 %) preferred spontaneous natural conception versus 28 % and 35 % choosing PND and PGD, respectively. At results disclosure, respondents mainly explained their distress by fear of premature death (43 %) and transmitting mutated genes (42 %). One year later, this last fear remained predominant in 55 % of subjects. None of the main socio-demographical, psychological or medical variables (including fear of transmitting mutations) was significantly associated with the reproductive preferences. Results disclosure had a real and time-decreasing psychological impact on mutation carriers. Reproductive techniques, expected to decrease the hereditary risk, were not significantly preferred to natural conception. 相似文献
573.
François Pierre Mathijsen 《Mental health, religion & culture》2016,19(2):113-123
This study confirms findings of previous research as they state that some triggering events or anomalous experiences can give rise to a disruption of cognitive processes and emotional changes in a predisposed person. Furthermore, our research states that the cognitive process and change of world view (paradigm shift (PS)) accompanying some paranormal experiences (PEs) could facilitate the development of a schizotypal personality structure. For the purposes of this study, 675 young people aged between 13 and 25 years old (M?=?16.8, SD?=?1.9) completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Revised and Modified Paranormal Belief Scales, the measurement of eight kinds of PE and a self-reported measurement of change of world view. The results confirm the mediating role of PS between paranormal practices and schizotypy as the cognitive process contributing to symptom formation as well as to symptom maintenance. The said results also confirm the existence of cognitive–emotional stages, also called Hermit Crab syndrome, in the process of the “paranormalisation” of reality. 相似文献
574.
Séverine Lannoy Fabien D’Hondt Valérie Dormal Marine Blanco Mélanie Brion Joël Billieux Salvatore Campanella Pierre Maurage 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2018,18(6):1076-1088
Emotional crossmodal integration (i.e., multisensorial decoding of emotions) is a crucial process that ensures adaptive social behaviors and responses to the environment. Recent evidence suggests that in binge drinking—an excessive alcohol consumption pattern associated with psychological and cerebral deficits—crossmodal integration is preserved at the behavioral level. Although some studies have suggested brain modifications during affective processing in binge drinking, nothing is known about the cerebral correlates of crossmodal integration. In the current study, we asked 53 university students (17 binge drinkers, 17 moderate drinkers, 19 nondrinkers) to perform an emotional crossmodal task while their behavioral and neurophysiological responses were recorded. Participants had to identify happiness and anger in three conditions (unimodal, crossmodal congruent, crossmodal incongruent) and two modalities (face and/or voice). Binge drinkers did not significantly differ from moderate drinkers and nondrinkers at the behavioral level. However, widespread cerebral modifications were found at perceptual (N100) and mainly at decisional (P3b) stages in binge drinkers, indexed by slower brain processing and stronger activity. These cerebral modifications were mostly related to anger processing and crossmodal integration. This study highlights higher electrophysiological activity in the absence of behavioral deficits, which could index a potential compensation process in binge drinkers. In line with results found in severe alcohol-use disorders, these electrophysiological findings show modified anger processing, which might have a deleterious impact on social functioning. Moreover, this study suggests impaired crossmodal integration at early stages of alcohol-related disorders. 相似文献
575.
576.
Sandrine Schoenenberger Pierre Moulin Eric Brangier 《Psychologie du Travail et des Organisations》2013,19(2):143-163
This article gives an account of research carried out the workload of healthcare providers in hospital emergency wards, by focusing on several factors that are both related to the patients and to their activity. Based on 121 observations conducted in two hospitals, coupled with the NASA-TLX scale and an ad hoc questionnaire, this research indicates that the elements which contribute the most to perceived workload are the agitated behavior of patients and communication difficulties linked to handicap. However, variations in the number of tasks do not seem to have an influence on the workload perceived by health care providers which tends to highlight that the relations to patients contribute more to the perception of workload than the number of tasks. In the situation observed, the regulation of workload is made possible by the management of relational factors (physical demand, frustration and effort) which determine, in part, workload perception. In order to reduce or adapt this load, this article suggests basing interventions on the way to deal with difficult patients and not on the regulation of the number of tasks. 相似文献
577.
The time to name disoriented natural objects 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Pierre Jolicoeur 《Memory & cognition》1985,13(4):289-303
A series of experiments revealed systematic effects of orientation on the time required to identify line drawings of natural objects. Naming time increases as patterns are rotated further from the upright. With practice, however, the effect of orientation is reduced considerably. Furthermore, the reduced orientation effect with practice on a set of objects does not transfer to a new set of objects, suggesting that the acquired ability to reduce the orientation effect is specific to particular patterns. Finally, for departures in orientation from the upright between 0° and 120°, the magnitude of the orientation effect on identification for patterns seen for the first time is equivalent to that found in a mental rotation task using the same patterns (making left/right decisions about rotated patterns). This final result suggests that novel depictions of a known class of objects may be identified by a process of mental rotation. 相似文献
578.
579.
Thierry Bernard Chauvin Christophe Uhlrich Pierre Rebout Nancy 《Animal cognition》2022,25(6):1505-1515
Animal Cognition - Recruitment is a process by which animals can initiate collective movements: the action of an individual prompts conspecifics to follow. Although it has been hypothesized that... 相似文献
580.
Pierre Perruchet Rolf Reber 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2003,56(1):125-130
Dienes and Altmann argue that an untrained control group provides a reliable baseline to measure artificial grammar learning. In this reply, we first provide a fictitious example to demonstrate that this assessment is faulty. We then analyse why this assessment is wrong, and we reiterate the solution proposed in Reber and Perruchet (this issue) for a proper control. Finally, we point out the importance of these methodological principles in the context of implicit learning studies. 相似文献