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571.
The current study investigated how the development of cognitive abilities explains the age-related changes in temporal judgment over short and long duration ranges from 0.5 to 30 s. Children (5- and 9-year-olds) as well as adults were given a temporal bisection task with four different duration ranges: a duration range shorter than 1 s, two duration ranges longer than 3 s (4-8 s and >15 s), and an intermediate duration range (1.25-2.5 s). Their cognitive abilities were also assessed using a series of neuropsychological tests. The results showed that temporal sensitivity improved with age for each duration range but that this improvement occurred earlier for the short durations than for the long durations. Furthermore, the results revealed that the age-related improvement in time sensitivity for the durations shorter than 1 s was explained by the development of short-term memory span, whereas that for long durations was explained by the development of attention/executive functions. To summarize, the development of the abilities required to process long durations seems to be explained mainly by the development of attentional resources. 相似文献
572.
This paper presents two experiments where participants had to approximate function values at various generalization points of a square, using given function values at a small set of data points. A representative set of standard function approximation models was trained to exactly fit the function values at data points, and models' responses at generalization points were compared to those of humans. Then one defined a large class of possible models (including the best two identified predictors) and the class maximal possible prediction accuracy was evaluated. A new model of quick multivariate function approximation belonging to this class was proposed. Its prediction accuracy was close to the maximum possible, and significantly better than that of all other models tested. The new model also provided a significant account of human response variability. Finally, it was shown that this model is more particularly suitable for problems in which the visual system can perform some specific structuring of the data space. This model is therefore considered as a suitable starting point for further investigations into quick multivariate function approximation, which is to date an inadequately explored question in cognitive psychology. 相似文献
573.
James Phillips Allen Frances Michael A Cerullo John Chardavoyne Hannah S Decker Michael B First Nassir Ghaemi Gary Greenberg Andrew C Hinderliter Warren A Kinghorn Steven G LoBello Elliott B Martin Aaron L Mishara Joel Paris Joseph M Pierre Ronald W Pies Harold A Pincus Douglas Porter Claire Pouncey Michael A Schwartz Thomas Szasz Jerome C Wakefield G Scott Waterman Owen Whooley Peter Zachar 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2012,7(1):1-15
In face of the multiple controversies surrounding the DSM process in general and the development of DSM-5 in particular, we have organized a discussion around what we consider six essential questions in further work on the DSM. The six questions involve: 1) the nature of a mental disorder; 2) the definition of mental disorder; 3) the issue of whether, in the current state of psychiatric science, DSM-5 should assume a cautious, conservative posture or an assertive, transformative posture; 4) the role of pragmatic considerations in the construction of DSM-5; 5) the issue of utility of the DSM ?C whether DSM-III and IV have been designed more for clinicians or researchers, and how this conflict should be dealt with in the new manual; and 6) the possibility and advisability, given all the problems with DSM-III and IV, of designing a different diagnostic system. Part 1 of this article took up the first two questions. Part 2 took up the second two questions. Part 3 now deals with Questions 5 & 6. Question 5 confronts the issue of utility, whether the manual design of DSM-III and IV favors clinicians or researchers, and what that means for DSM-5. Our final question, Question 6, takes up a concluding issue, whether the acknowledged problems with the earlier DSMs warrants a significant overhaul of DSM-5 and future manuals. As in Parts 1 & 2 of this article, the general introduction, as well as the introductions and conclusions for the specific questions, are written by James Phillips, and the responses to commentaries are written by Allen Frances. 相似文献
574.
James?PhillipsEmail author Allen?Frances Michael?A?Cerullo John?Chardavoyne Hannah?S?Decker Michael?B?First Nassir?Ghaemi Gary?Greenberg Andrew?C?Hinderliter Warren?A?Kinghorn Steven?G?LoBello Elliott?B?Martin Aaron?L?Mishara Joel?Paris Joseph?M?Pierre Ronald?W?Pies Harold?A?Pincus Claire?Pouncey Michael?A?Schwartz Thomas?Szasz Jerome?C?Wakefield G?Scott?Waterman Owen?Whooley Peter?Zachar 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2012,7(1):14
In the conclusion to this multi-part article I first review the discussions carried out around the six essential questions in psychiatric diagnosis – the position taken by Allen Frances on each question, the commentaries on the respective question along with Frances’ responses to the commentaries, and my own view of the multiple discussions. In this review I emphasize that the core question is the first – what is the nature of psychiatric illness – and that in some manner all further questions follow from the first. Following this review I attempt to move the discussion forward, addressing the first question from the perspectives of natural kind analysis and complexity analysis. This reflection leads toward a view of psychiatric disorders – and future nosologies – as far more complex and uncertain than we have imagined. 相似文献
575.
576.
Mireille Cyr Jacinthe Dion Pierre McDuff Karine Trotier‐Sylvain 《Applied cognitive psychology》2012,26(4):516-524
Two groups of police investigators were trained in the use of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) interview protocol. After the training, one group (n = 8) received written feedback on each interview they conducted, whereas the other group (n = 11) did not. The objective of the study was, first, to evaluate the effect of NICHD protocol implementation on the types of questions and details provided by children and, second, to evaluate the impact of post‐training feedback. Interviewees were alleged sexual abuse victims between the ages of 3 and 14 years. Application of the NICHD protocol allowed interviewers to use more open‐ended questions and to obtain more details. The results show that providing feedback significantly increased the quality of the interviews. It is recommended that the NICHD protocol be used to interview child victims and witnesses and that feedback sessions be held with interviewers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
577.
Dunkley DM Schwartzman D Looper KJ Sigal JJ Pierre A Kotowycz MA 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2012,19(2):211-223
The present study sought to illuminate self-criticism and personal standards dimensions of perfectionism and dependency as
specific cognitive-personality vulnerability factors that might contribute to a better understanding of numerous psychosocial
problem areas that are relevant to coronary artery disease (CAD). One hundred and twenty-three patients diagnosed with clinically
significant CAD completed self-report questionnaires. Zero-order correlations and factor analysis results revealed that self-criticism
was primarily related to personality vulnerability (aggression/anger/hostility, Type D negative affectivity) and psychosocial
maladjustment (depressive symptoms, worry, avoidant coping, support dissatisfaction), whereas personal standards was primarily
related to adaptive coping (problem-focused coping, positive reinterpretation) and dependency was primarily related to worry.
Hierarchical regression results demonstrated the incremental utility of self-criticism, personal standards, and dependency
in relation to (mal)adjustment over and above aggression/anger/hostility, negative affectivity, and social inhibition. Continued
efforts to understand the role of perfectionism dimensions and dependency in CAD appear warranted. 相似文献
578.
Pierre Perruchet Rolf Reber 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2003,56(1):125-130
Dienes and Altmann argue that an untrained control group provides a reliable baseline to measure artificial grammar learning. In this reply, we first provide a fictitious example to demonstrate that this assessment is faulty. We then analyse why this assessment is wrong, and we reiterate the solution proposed in Reber and Perruchet (this issue) for a proper control. Finally, we point out the importance of these methodological principles in the context of implicit learning studies. 相似文献
579.
580.
Pierre R. Dasen 《International journal of psychology》1978,13(3):245-246
Sohan and Celia MODGIL. Piagetian Research: Compilation and Commentary, 8 volumes. Windsor, Berks.: N.F.E.R. Publishing Co, 1976. 相似文献