Chris Oriet  Pierre Jolicœur 《Visual cognition》2013,21(4):514-551

In this paper we compare the effect of mapping on the central resource requirements of two search processes. With consistent mapping of items to the role of either target or distractor, search becomes very efficient; with varied mapping (each item serves as both a target and a distractor in the same experiment), search is less efficient. One interpretation of this effect of manipulating the consistency of mapping is that search under varied mapping requires limited capacity central resources but the requirement for these resources is reduced with consistent mapping. We tested this interpretation by varying the consistency of mapping in memory scanning (Experiments 1 and 2) and in visual search (Experiments 3 and 4) as the second of two tasks in the psychological refractory period (PRP) paradigm. Responses were location based, rather than present/absent judgements, and a target was present on every trial. The results indicated that there was less of a requirement for central resources with consistent mapping than with varied mapping in both memory scanning and in visual search; however, the effect of the mapping manipulation on central resource requirements was different for memory scanning than for visual search. Memory scanning was not done in parallel with a resource-demanding stage of a second task under varied mapping, but was done in parallel with this stage under consistent mapping. Part of visual search under both types of mapping was done in parallel with a resource-demanding stage of a second task and part was not; consistent mapping reduced the duration of the stage of processing that could not be carried out in parallel. We conclude that under consistent mapping, switching among items in memory becomes less controlled and therefore has less of a requirement for central resources than under varied mapping. In visual search, however, consistent mapping improves performance by facilitating the comparison of the target item to items in the search array.  相似文献   

    

Filip De Fruyt  Anton Aluja  Luis F. García  Jean‐Pierre Rolland  Sung Cheol Jung 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2006,14(2):101-112

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Denis Cousineau  Dominic Charbonneau  Pierre Jolicoeur 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2006,60(3):175-189

The attentional blink effect (AB) is used to examine the limits of attention in dual-task paradigms. However, since the effect is nonlinear, it is sometimes difficult to characterize the results. Furthermore, it is difficult to assess the significance of the effect between groups because the results are highly variable both within and across subjects. In this paper, we propose a method to quantify four characteristics of the AB curve: the minimum performance, the amplitude between the minimum and the asymptotic performance, the amount of Lag-1 sparing, and the width of the effect. The method, based on curve fitting, allows easier comparisons of the results across experiments, can test only one characteristic at a time, and yields more powerful statistical tests.  相似文献   

    

Dupoux E  Jacob P 《Trends in cognitive sciences》2007,11(9):373-378

A new framework for the study of the human moral faculty is currently receiving much attention: the so-called 'universal moral grammar' framework. It is based on an intriguing analogy, first pointed out by Rawls, between the study of the human moral sense and Chomsky's research program into the human language faculty. To assess UMG, we ask: is moral competence modular? Does it have an underlying hierarchical grammatical structure? Does moral diversity rest on culture-dependant parameters? We review the evidence and argue that formal grammatical concepts are of limited value for the study of moral judgments, moral development and moral diversity.  相似文献   

    

Marie Marquis  Pierre Filiatrault 《Journal of Consumer Behaviour》2003,2(3):212-231

In this paper, we investigate how high public self‐conscious subjects may display specific reactions while waiting in line with strangers at a movie theatre. Results suggest that, when compared with low public subjects, high public self‐conscious subjects will have an attentional focus directed toward time, will attribute more control to service managers for the cause of the wait and will evaluate the service more negatively. Results concerning relationships between attribution of control, behavioural intentions and service evaluation support those of previous studies and are both directly and indirectly moderated by the public self‐consciousness disposition. This research opens the way to conducting future studies attempting to link other personality dispositions with consumer behaviour in the services domain. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.  相似文献   

    

Laura Manoiloff  Juan Segui  Pierre Hallé 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2016,69(1):24-36

In this research, we combine a cross-form word–picture visual masked priming procedure with an internal phoneme monitoring task to examine repetition priming effects. In this paradigm, participants have to respond to pictures whose names begin with a prespecified target phoneme. This task unambiguously requires retrieving the word-form of the target picture's name and implicitly orients participants' attention towards a phonological level of representation. The experiments were conducted within Spanish, whose highly transparent orthography presumably promotes fast and automatic phonological recoding of subliminal, masked visual word primes. Experiments 1 and 2 show that repetition primes speed up internal phoneme monitoring in the target, compared to primes beginning with a different phoneme from the target, or sharing only their first phoneme with the target. This suggests that repetition primes preactivate the phonological code of the entire target picture's name, hereby speeding up internal monitoring, which is necessarily based on such a code. To further qualify the nature of the phonological code underlying internal phoneme monitoring, a concurrent articulation task was used in Experiment 3. This task did not affect the repetition priming effect. We propose that internal phoneme monitoring is based on an abstract phonological code, prior to its translation into articulation.  相似文献   

    

Evelyne F. Vallières  Robert J. Vallerand  Jacques Bergeron  Pierre McDuff 《Journal of applied social psychology》2014,44(5):354-363

A motivational sequence was used as a theoretical framework for studying reactive aggressive driving. Study 1 tested the validity of the sequence “perceived intentionality‐anger‐reactive aggressive driving” and assessed the impact of coping on anger and reactive aggressive driving. The ecological validity of the same sequence was verified in Study 2 with a large sample of adult drivers, while examining the role of ego defensiveness as a determinant of anger and aggressive driving. Study 1 showed the proposed sequence was supported and that coping strategies intervened at both anger and reaction levels, depending if the situation was perceived as intentional or not. Study 2 showed that anger mediated the impact of coping and ego defensiveness on driving aggression. Sobel tests confirmed the anger mediation effect in both studies.  相似文献   

    

Georgia Chronaki  Julie A. Hadwin  Matthew Garner  Pierre Maurage  Edmund J. S. Sonuga‐Barke 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2015,33(2):218-236

Sensitivity to facial and vocal emotion is fundamental to children's social competence. Previous research has focused on children's facial emotion recognition, and few studies have investigated non‐linguistic vocal emotion processing in childhood. We compared facial and vocal emotion recognition and processing biases in 4‐ to 11‐year‐olds and adults. Eighty‐eight 4‐ to 11‐year‐olds and 21 adults participated. Participants viewed/listened to faces and voices (angry, happy, and sad) at three intensity levels (50%, 75%, and 100%). Non‐linguistic tones were used. For each modality, participants completed an emotion identification task. Accuracy and bias for each emotion and modality were compared across 4‐ to 5‐, 6‐ to 9‐ and 10‐ to 11‐year‐olds and adults. The results showed that children's emotion recognition improved with age; preschoolers were less accurate than other groups. Facial emotion recognition reached adult levels by 11 years, whereas vocal emotion recognition continued to develop in late childhood. Response bias decreased with age. For both modalities, sadness recognition was delayed across development relative to anger and happiness. The results demonstrate that developmental trajectories of emotion processing differ as a function of emotion type and stimulus modality. In addition, vocal emotion processing showed a more protracted developmental trajectory, compared to facial emotion processing. The results have important implications for programmes aiming to improve children's socio‐emotional competence.  相似文献   

    

Pierre‐François Noppen 《European Journal of Philosophy》2015,23(2):293-320

That something is profoundly wrong with the way in which enlightenment has unfolded has widely been taken to be the main thrust of Dialectic of Enlightenment. In this paper, I propose to defend that to understand the book and shed light on some of its most puzzling features, one should rather take Horkheimer and Adorno's critical claim at face value: through their criticism they contend to have prepared a positive concept of enlightenment. How this can be so is the question I want to answer. I defend that what we need is an account that works out the conceptual grounds on which their critique can operate. The focus of my attempt will consist in understanding (1) what they mean when they assert that rationality is intrinsically social and (2) how they conceive of rationality as being reflective at its core.  相似文献   

Slim by Design or by willpower? Replies to Herman and Polivy and to Roberto,Pomeranz, and Fisher     

Brian Wansink  Pierre Chandon 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2014,24(3):446-451

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