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Rosalie Perron Christine Lefebvre Nicolas Robitaille Benoit Brisson Frédéric Gosselin Martin Arguin Pierre Jolicœur 《Psychological research》2009,73(2):222-232
Observers encoded the spatial arrangement of two or three horizontal line segments relative to a square frame presented for
150 ms either in left or right visual field and either above or below the horizontal midline. The target pattern was selected
on the basis of colour (red vs. green) from an equivalent distractor pattern in the opposite left–right visual hemifield.
After a retention interval of 450 or 650 ms a test pattern was presented at fixation. The task was to decide whether the test
was the same as the encoded pattern or different. Selection of the to-be-memorised pattern produced an N2pc response that
was not influenced by the number of line segments nor by the length of the retention interval, but that was smaller in amplitude
for patterns presented in the upper visual field compared with patterns presented in the lower visual field. A sustained posterior
contralateral negativity (SPCN) followed the N2pc. The SPCN was larger for patterns with three line segments than for two,
was larger for patterns encoded from lower visual field than from upper visual field, and returned to baseline sooner for
the shorter retention interval than for the longer interval. These results, and others, provide an interesting and complex
pattern of similarities and differences between the N2pc and SPCN, consistent with the view that N2pc reflects mechanisms
of attentional selection whereas the SPCN reflects maintenance in visual short-term memory. 相似文献
213.
Septal lesions produced signs of increased emotionality in the adult rat, the septal syndrome (hyperresponsiveness to handling; in the open field: decreased rearing and ambulation activity, increased defecation, deficient habituation) being more or less complete and more or less marked depending on the age at which the lesion was performed (7 days or 3 months), the extent of the lesion (restricted to the septum or extending to more ventrally located structures) and the environmental conditions in which the animals were reared (in groups or in isolation). All septal lesions provoked a similar and significant increase in the probability of occurrence of mouse-killing behavior, irrespective of age of operation, extent of lesion and kind of rearing environment. In a 24-hour actography starting at 11:30 a.m., the rats septalectomized at adult age were less active than controls during the initial period, while all septals were markedly more active than controls during the night period. Early septal lesions only transiently disrupted weight gain. The results obtained point to complex interactions between the effects of early brain damage and environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Pierre Barrouillet 《International journal of psychology》1994,29(2):183-212
The experiment studied the effect of various methods of organising reality (taxonomic vs. schematic) on success in inclusion and logical complementation tasks. Seventy-two nine-year-old children were divided into four groups on the basis of their logical structuring abilities. Using three sets of material (Animals, Plants, Means of Transportation), the subjects performed a sorting task and an evaluation task in which the taxonomic and schematic modes of organising reality were opposed. Contrary to our hypothesis, the “logical includers” did not exhibit a greater capacity for taxonomic organisation than the “empirical includers” of the same age, either in the sorting or the evaluation task. The development of success in class logic tasks therefore does not appear to be linked to a change in the preferred mode of categorisation (schematic → categorical) but to the restructuring and differentiation of each of the two modes of organisation, both of which are available to the child at an early age. 相似文献
218.
Experiments with two stimuli (S1and S2) and two responses suggest the existence of a stage of processing that cannot be shared between two concurrent tasks. Widespread support has been found for the hypothesis that response selection for Task2is postponed when the S1to S2stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) is short (Pashler, 1994a). At short SOAs, manipulations which impact Task2processing prior to response selection (e.g., degradation of stimulus quality) have little effect on Task2response times (RTs). On the other hand, manipulations which are thought to impact response selection or execution (e.g., Stroop interference) always impact Task2RTs. There is, however, one particularly compelling demonstration that appears to be inconsistent with the response selection bottleneck hypothesis: Karlin and Kestenbaum (1968) report that the RT difference between detection (i.e., 1-choice) and 2-choice discrimination dramatically decreases with decreasing SOA. Given that the primary difference between detection and discrimination is believed to be at response selection, their result may indicate a processing bottleneck at response execution (Keele, 1973). We fail to replicate the Karlin and Kestenbaum result in two substantive replications of Karlin and Kestenbaum's tasks and procedures. In the single experiment in which Karlin and Kestenbaum's result is replicated, a simple response execution bottleneck account is ruled out by the stability of the difference between 2-choice and 3-choice discrimination times across SOA. Two additional experiments demonstrate that response preparation and task strategy do not substantially contribute to the attenuation of response selection-level effects with decreasing SOA. 相似文献
219.
Kathleen Laughrea Claude Blanger John Wright et Pierre McDuff 《International journal of psychology》1997,32(3):155-167
A number of studies have investigated marital violence, its definition, expression, and treatment outcome. Few studies, however, have studied anger in marital relationships. The current study evaluates the link between anger and dyadic adjustment. The sample consists of 220 couples from normal and clinical populations. Results suggest that both spouses' anger is closely linked. Measures of anger intensity, the personality traits it reflects, and the anger expressed by a partner explained an important part of his or her marital distress and, to a lesser extent, the distress of the other partner. Theoretical and clinical implications based on these results are discussed. 相似文献
220.