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71.
Dr. J. Ferrari 《Psychopraxis》2014,17(2):18-22
Stroke is one of the major causes of mortality and the most important cause of disability in the industrialized world. About 85?% of all strokes are caused by acute occlusion of a cerebral vessel and are, therefore, classified as ischemic stroke. Acute stroke care has seen substantial improvements in the last 20 years with the introduction of specialized acute care units (stroke units) and the implementation of intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA, which can be administered up to 4.5 h after symptom onset. According to recent evidence, even patients with age over 80 years, history of diabetes and stroke, wake up stroke, pretreatment with vitamin K antagonists, or one of the new oral anticoagulants could benefit from rtPA under specific conditions. A new therapeutic option for patients with a severe ischemic stroke could be the combined use of intravenous and intraarterial thrombolysis together with mechanical thrombectomy. 相似文献
72.
73.
Bilge Uzun Ozer Ayhan Demir Joseph R. Ferrari 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2013,31(3):127-135
The present study assessed a short-term group treatment program using cognitive interventions focused on students’ procrastination. A structured 90-min session program was used with 10 students (5 female, 5 male; M age = 21.8, SD = 3.2) across 5 weeks. In the first and last session of the program participants completed a two reliable and valid procrastination scales, and then 8 weeks later in the follow up sessions filled out the same questionnaires. During the group sessions, participants identified their irrational thoughts as well as cognitive distortions associated with their procrastination tendencies. Results of a non-parametric Friedman Test revealed a significant decrease in participants’ academic procrastination score and general procrastination scores from the pre-test to follow-up test suggesting that the program was deemed to be successful. 相似文献
74.
75.
Abstract In the present study, 182 young adults (131 men, 51 men: M age=20.2) completed self-report measures of shame and social avoidance/distress, anxiety, desirability, and negative social evaluation. Results supported Lewis (1985) in that shame-proneness was related to social avoidance/distress, interaction anxiety, and fear of negative social evaluation (even when controlling for social desirability). Social distress/avoidance and interaction anxiety also were significant predictors of shame-proneness. Results suggeste that attention to social anxiety may be valuable in the treatment of shameprone individuals. 相似文献
76.
Colin Blättler Vincent Ferrari André Didierjean Pierre van Elslande Evelyne Marmèche 《Visual cognition》2013,21(9):1253-1273
Representational momentum (RM) refers to the tendency of participants to “remember” the stopping point of an event as being farther along in the direction of movement than it was in reality (Freyd & Finke, 1984). Our aim was twofold: (1) Test for the impact of domain-specific expertise (here, automobile driving) on RM, using films of road scenes, and (2) find out whether the improved anticipation ability that comes with greater expertise is transferred to scenes from domains that are far-removed from the person's domain of expertise. Two experiments were conducted in which experienced and inexperienced automobile drivers performed a movement-anticipation task on realistic road scenes (Experiment 1), with stimuli that were very different from those found in their domain of expertise (Experiment 2). These studies pointed out some properties of representational momentum, and showed that RM is dependent upon knowledge acquired by participants in specific domains. Our research also showed that expertise in automobile driving can modulate RM in road-scene perception (i.e., the cognitive characteristics of the observer can modulate the magnitude of the RM effect) but that expertise in automobile driving is not transferred to dissimilar domains. 相似文献
77.
Innamorati M Pompili M Ferrari V Girardi P Tatarelli R Tamburello A Lester D 《Psychological reports》2008,102(2):577-594
The aim of this study was to examine the association of cannabis use with risky behaviors and suicide risk in university students. A convenience sample of 246 students was recruited from four universities in Rome during the 2004 academic year. Participants completed the Zung scales for anxiety and depression, the Suicide Score Scale, and an ad hoc questionnaire assessing risky behaviors. The findings indicated a widespread use of cannabis among students and its association with risky behaviors, anxiety and depression, and suicide risk. A regression tree analysis resulted in 3 splits indicating that the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale is a good predictor of suicide risk, discriminating individuals at lower risk from those at higher risk. Individuals at higher risk for suicide could also be discriminated by self-reported lifetime drug use. Limitations of the study are related to the small sample size and use of a convenience sample. 相似文献
78.
How Linearity and Structural Complexity Interact and Affect the Recognition of Italian Derived Words
The majority of words in most languages consist of derived poly-morphemic words but a cross-linguistic review of the literature (Amenta and Crepaldi in Front Psychol 3:232–243, 2012) shows a contradictory picture with respect to how such words are represented and processed. The current study examined the effects of linearity and structural complexity on the processing of Italian derived words. Participants performed a lexical decision task on three types of prefixed and suffixed words and nonwords differing in the complexity of their internal structure. The processing of these words was indeed found to vary according to the nature of the affixes, the order in which they appear, and the type of information the affix encodes. The results thus indicate that derived words are not a uniform class and the best account of these findings appears to be a constraint-based or probabilistic multi-route processing model (e.g., Kuperman et al. in Lang Cogn Process 23:1089–1132, 2008; J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 35:876–895, 2009; J Mem Lang 62:83–97, 2010). 相似文献
79.
Despite the fact that the ability of animals to avoid being consumed by predators is influenced by their behaviour, morphology
and life history, very few studies have attempted to integrate prey responses across these adaptation types. Here, our goal
was to address the link between life-history traits (size and growth trajectory) of tadpoles and behavioural responses to
predators. Specifically, we wanted to determine whether information learned about predators was influenced by prey growth
trajectory before and after learning. We manipulated the size/growth trajectory of tadpoles by raising them under different
temperatures. Tadpoles raised on a slow-growth trajectory (under cold conditions) and taught to recognize a salamander subsequently
showed stronger responses after 2 weeks than tadpoles that were raised on a fast-growth trajectory (under warm conditions).
When we account for the effect of size (r
2 = 0.22) on the responses of prey to predator cues, we find that the growth trajectory pre-learning but not post-learning
influences the learned responses of the tadpoles. The differences in responses to predators may reflect differential memory
associated with the predator. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has attempted to link life-history traits (size
and growth rate) with learning of predators. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of antipredator responses of prey
animals, we call for additional integrative studies that examine prey anti-predator responses across adaptation types. 相似文献
80.
Ferrari AJ Whittingham K Boyd R Sanders M Colditz P 《Infant behavior & development》2011,34(4):602-609
Over 10% of preterm infants develop major disabilities, 50% develop behavioural problems and 40% need special education (
[Huddy et al., 2001]
and
[0185]
). Prem Baby Triple P is a new variant of the Positive Parenting Program (Triple P) adapted specifically for parents of very preterm infants. The aim of this study is to assess the acceptability of Prem Baby Triple P to parents of infants born preterm and to test whether parental attributions and parental perception of infant health/developmental status are barriers to intervention acceptability. One hundred and twenty-three parents of preterm infants participated, 83 parents of very preterm infants and 40 parents of preterm infants. In addition, 32 parents of term infants participated as a comparison group. The acceptability of Prem Baby Triple P was moderately high and did not differ significantly across the three groups. Parental attributions were not found to be barriers to intervention acceptability and parental perceptions that their infant is less healthy/developmentally delayed facilitated Prem Baby Triple P acceptance in parents of infants born very preterm. This suggests that the planned Prem Baby Triple P content is acceptable to parents of infants born very preterm and sensitised to medical and developmental issues. These findings, as social validation data, will contribute towards the further development of Prem Baby Triple P and a future randomised controlled trial. 相似文献