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101.
102.
Phyllis A. Katz 《Sex roles》1986,14(11-12):591-602
This paper reviews some recent studies that have attempted to change gender-stereotyped behavior or attitudes in children. While such efforts have often been successful, at least on a short-term basis, enough inconsistency exists to suggest that more detailed theoretical analyses are required to increase the efficacy of such modification attempts. The review suggested at least four factors that needed additional empirical and theoretical attention as factors in susceptibility to counterstereotyping manipulations. These included: (a) the child's developmental level, (b) the relationship between sex role cognitions and behavior, (c) the degree of situational consistency of gender-stereotyped behavior, and (d) the role of individual initial differences in determining modification outcomes. The importance of these factors are discussed in the context of the existing literature. 相似文献
103.
Bernard Lubin Marvin Zuckerman Philip G. Hanson Terry Armstrong Christine M. Rinck Mark Seever 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》1986,8(2):103-117
A recent factor analysis of the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List (MAACL) changed the Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility scales from bipolar to unipolar scales and added two new scales: Positive Affect and Sensation Seeking. Internal reliability of the MAACL-R scales, computed for normal and patient samples, was adequate for state and trait forms except for Sensation Seeking. Test-retest reliability in college students was higher for the trait form with retest intervals of from 2 to 8 weeks than for the state form with retest intervals of from 2 to 5 days. The pattern of correlations among self-, peer, and counselor ratings and the MAACL-R scales for normal and patient samples indicates improved discriminant validity and equally good convergent validity as the old scales. The use of standard scores that are indexed to the number of items checked reduced scale intercorrelations by controlling the acquiescence set.The financial support of the Weldon Springs Endowment Fund, University of Missouri at Kansas City, toward the completion of this research project is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献
104.
Marvin W. Acklin Ph.D. 《Journal of religion and health》1986,25(3):198-206
The psychoanalytic theory of religion has been seriously limited in its development, largely owing to Freud's emphasis on religion's neurotic elements and an overemphasis on the infantile origins of religious development. This paper offers a conceptual framework and advances the thesis, based on contemporary psychoanalytic, developmental theory, that 1) Erikson's concept of epigenesis has applicability across the life span; 2) that beyond-the-self identity is constituent to human maturation and self-completion; 3) that successful adult maturation requires a mirroring-facilitating environment; and 4) that religious values, meanings, images, and communities play an essential role-as-elements of the facilitating environment of later life. 相似文献
105.
Is attentional selection between local and global forms based on spatial frequency? This question was examined by having subjects identify local or global forms of stimuli that had been “contrast balanced,” a technique that eliminates low spatial frequencies. Response times (RTs) to global (but not local) forms were slowed for contrast-balanced stimuli, suggesting that low spatial frequencies mediate the global RT advantage typically reported. In contrast, the beneficial effect of having targets appear at the same, as opposed to a different, level as that on the immediately preceding trial was unaffected by contrast balancing. This suggests that attentional selection between different levels of structure is not based on spatial frequency. The data favor an explanation in terms of “priming,” rather than in terms of adjustments in the diameter of an attentional “spotlight.” 相似文献
106.
This study examined the longterm effects of the socialization of emotion in a sample of European American families. Late adolescents, whose families had been more emotionally expressive and accepting of emotions when they were in fifth grade, were more likely to report showing emotions not traditionally associated with their gender roles—specifically, males reported a greater propensity for crying, and females reported a greater tendency to express anger. In addition, in late adolescence, greater frequency of showing fear and showing warmth or affection were associated with higher levels of social and psychological adjustment—whereas crying was associated with better adjustment for males and poorer adjustment for females. Overall, adolescent females tended to report a higher level of emotional expressiveness and a higher level of family support of emotions than did adolescent males. 相似文献
107.
Robert C. Lane Ph.D. Marvin Daniels Ph.D. Stephen Barber Psy.D. 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》1995,25(4):331-365
This paper presents an approach to dream analysis utilizing the manifest content of a number of consecutive dreams from the
same patient. Following a review of the literature, it is noted that in once-a-week psychotherapy there is often very little
time for exhaustive dream analysis to unravel the buried meanings within the latent dream content. Twenty categories have
been established for the configurational analysis, which is applied to the analysis of the first eleven dreams of a patient
in psychoanalytic psychotherapy. The authors independently analyzed the patient's dreams using each of the 20 categories with
high reliability, then combined their contributions. This data was then compared with the treating analyst's independent clinical
observations about the twenty categories. 相似文献
108.
Alan J. Dubinsky Francis J. Yammarino Marvin A. Jolson 《Journal of business and psychology》1995,9(3):315-335
Recent research in organizational behavior has found that transformational leadership can engender improved employee work outcomes in many types of organizations. Personal characteristics of transformational leaders, however, have not been thoroughly investigated. This paper reports the findings of a study that explored relationships between personal characteristics and dimensions of transformational leadership using sales managers as the population of interest. Findings suggest that a reconceptualization of the proposed linkages may be necessary. Potential explanations for the results obtained are presented along with managerial and research implications.The authors gratefully acknowledge the host company for its participation in the study. 相似文献
109.
GOOD AND BAD HUMORS: 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Marvin Zuckerman 《Psychological science》1995,6(6):325-332
Personality and its disorders may he studied at many levels, from the broad trait to the basic genetic level This article ad- dresses primarily two of these levels, the trait and the biochemical, and the relations between them, with some treatment of the genetic and neuropsychological levels Five current trait models are described Neurotransmitter systems in the brain and hormones have been shown to be important sources of other species, but simple one-to-one relationships between traits and biochemical are rare, and integrations are likely at all levels 相似文献
110.
Phyllis A. Henderson 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1997,75(3):188-194
The author presents an overview of the literature on the psychosocial adjustment of cancer survivors, identifying 4 areas that may pose difficulties for cancer survivors as they learn to live with a life-threatening chronic illness: coping with the late physical effects of treatment; living with the uncertainty of long-term survival; resolving problems related to intimacy, marriage, and reproduction; and combating employment discrimination. Counseling interventions are proposed for counselors working with cancer survivors on these issues. 相似文献