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Philippe E. Ruiz 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):439-445
Drawing on the g factor and information theory literatures, the relationship between the four subtests of the Culture-Fair
Intelligence Test (CFIT) and the entropy of the Ruiz Absolute Scale of Complexity Management (R-ASCM) was investigated. In
results based on data collected from 186 university students, the entropy of the R-ASCM mostly loads the first principal component
extracted from the CFIT subtests and shows a corresponding strong relationship with the item difficulty of the R-ASCM. Because
entropy is a ratio scale of complexity— with a true zero and units called bits—these findings suggest that entropy
is the right vehicle for measuring the information contained in nonverbal intelligence tests. 相似文献
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Philippe Schlenker 《Synthese》2007,158(1):127-138
We provide a systematic recipe for eliminating self-reference from a simple language in which semantic paradoxes (whether
purely logical or empirical) can be expressed. We start from a non-quantificational language L which contains a truth predicate and sentence names, and we associate to each sentence F of L an infinite series of translations h
0(F), h
1(F), ..., stated in a quantificational language L
*. Under certain conditions, we show that none of the translations is self-referential, but that any one of them perfectly
mirrors the semantic behavior of the original. The result, which can be seen as a generalization of recent work by Yablo (1993,
Analysis, 53, 251–252; 2004, Self-reference, CSLI) and Cook (2004, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 69(3), 767–774), shows that under certain conditions self-reference is not essential to any of the semantic phenomena that can be obtained in a simple language. 相似文献
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Summary The study examines the possibility of observing on-line recognition of spoken words through manipulations of the location of the uniqueness point (UP) in a gender-classification task. The subjects were presented with spoken French nouns and had to indicate by a key-press response whether each was feminine or masculine. RTs measured from word onset were significantly correlated with UP location, a finding that supports the notion of on-line processing. The effect of UP location is, however, smaller than that predicted by the original cohort theory (that recognition occurs exactly at the UP). On the other hand, it is stronger when words with respectively early and late UPs are presented in homogeneous blocks rather than in mixed order. It is proposed that the results can be accounted for by the notion of a sub-optimal lexical strategy in which some monitoring of the phonetic data continues past the UP. 相似文献
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Philippe G. Schyns 《Cognitive Science》1991,15(4):461-508
Previous neural network models of concept learning were mainly implemented with supervised learning schemes. However, studies of human conceptual memory have shown that concepts may be learned without a teacher who provides the category name to associate with exemplars. A modular neural network architecture that realizes concept acquisition through two functionally distinct operations, categorizing and naming, is proposed as an alternative. An unsupervised algorithm realizes the categorizing module by constructing representations of categories compatible with prototype theory. The naming module associates category names to the output of the categorizing module in a supervised mode. In such a modular architecture, the interface between the modules can be conceived of as an “information relay” that encodes, constrains, and propagates important information. Five experiments were conducted to analyze the relationships among internal conceptual codes and simple conceptual and lexical development. The first two experiments show a prototype effect and illustrate some basic characteristics of the system. The third experiment presents a bottom-up model of the narrowing down of children's early lexical categories that honors mutual exclusivity. The fourth experiment introduces top-down constraints on conceptual coding. The fifth experiment exhibits how hierarchical relationships between concepts are learned by the architecture, and also demonstrates how a spectrum of conceptual expertise may gradually emerge as a consequence of experiencing more with certain categories than with others. 相似文献