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121.
Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics - The challenges posed by chronic illness have pointed out to epidemiologists the multifactorial complex nature of disease causality. This notion has been... 相似文献
122.
It is well known that the lexicographic aggregation of complete preorders gives a complete preorder. Unfortunately, this property is no longer true when the lexicographic rule is applied to semiorders. In this paper we study some ways of defining a lexicographic aggregation of semiorders and the properties of the resulting structures. 相似文献
123.
Research is presented suggesting that an implicit sense of self is developing from birth, long before children begin to manifest explicit (conceptual) self-knowledge by the second year. Implicit self-knowledge in infancy is rooted in intermodal perception and action. Studies are reported showing that at least from 2 months of age, infants become increasingly systematic and deliberate in the exploration of their own body and the perceptual consequences of self-produced action. From such exploration, infants develop a sense of their own body as a differentiated entity, situated and agent in the environment. Based on recent empirical findings, the perceptual determinants of such implicit sense of self are discussed. 相似文献
124.
125.
Moncef Abbas Marc Pirlot Philippe Vincke 《Journal of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis》1996,5(2):81-98
Order structures such as linear orders, weak orders, semiorders and interval orders are often considered as models of a decision maker's preferences. In this paper we introduce and study new order structures characterized by their symmetric part belonging to certain classes of co-comparability graphs. We outline possible interpretations and suggest special representations of these structures and we point out their potential use for approximating relations obtained through a multicriteria aggregation procedure. We provide various characterizations of the new structures (as well as of older ones) in terms of minimal forbidden configurations and by algebraic conditions. 相似文献
126.
Memory phenomena associated with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have received increased attention in the recent literature. Some debate remains about whether OCD is characterized by deficits in memory per se, or by poor memory confidence. Following from a recent study that demonstrated memory distrust results from repeated checking of a virtual computerized stove, we asked 50 undergraduate students to repeatedly turn on, turn off and check either a real kitchen stove (relevant checking) or a real kitchen faucet (irrelevant checking) in a standardized, ritualized manner. All participants completed a final check of the stove following these 19 checking trials. Results indicated that following repeated relevant checking, participants reported significantly reduced memory confidence, vividness and detail. Repeated irrelevant checking did not produce these decreases. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive-behavioural formulations of OCD and in terms of the effects of repetition on memory and metamemory. 相似文献
127.
The current study examined whether excessive reassurance seeking serves as a vulnerability factor to depression in a sample of high-risk youth using a multiwave longitudinal design. At Time 1, 140 children (aged 6-14) of affectively disordered parents completed measures assessing reassurance seeking and depressive symptoms. In addition, every 6 weeks during the following year, children and parents completed measures assessing depressive symptoms and the occurrence of hassles. In line with hypotheses, the results of contemporaneous analyses indicated that children with high levels of reassurance seeking reported greater elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in either hassles or parental depressive symptoms than children with low levels. At the same time, the results of time-lagged analyses indicated that both these relationships were moderated by age with excessive reassurance seeking being associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in either hassles or parental depressive symptoms in older but not younger children. 相似文献
128.
Abela JR Webb CA Wagner C Ho MH Adams P 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2006,32(3):328-338
The current study utilized a multiwave longitudinal design to examine whether dependency and/or self-criticism influence the course of depressive symptoms in a community sample of adults with a history of major depression. In addition, the authors examined whether self-esteem serves as a buffer against the development of depressive symptoms following increases in hassles in individuals possessing such traits. At Time 1, 102 participants completed measures assessing depressive symptoms, self-criticism, dependency, and self-esteem. Every 6 weeks for the next year, participants completed measures assessing depressive symptoms and hassles. High self-criticism was associated with greater elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in hassles in low but not high-self-esteem individuals. Results with respect to dependency, however, were contrary to hypotheses. High dependency was associated with elevations in depressive symptoms following elevations in hassles in high-self-esteem individuals. In contrast, high dependency was associated with chronically elevated depressive symptoms in low-self-esteem individuals. 相似文献
129.
130.
Restraint and Cancellation: Multiple Inhibition Deficits in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Schachar R Logan GD Robaey P Chen S Ickowicz A Barr C 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(2):229-238
We used variations of the stop signal task to study two components of motor response inhibition—the ability to withhold a
strong response tendency (restraint) and the ability to cancel an ongoing action (cancellation)—in children with a diagnosis
of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and in non-ADHD controls of similar age (ages 7–14 years). The goal was
to determine if restraint and cancellation were related and if both were deficient in ADHD. The stop signal task involved
a choice reaction time task (go task) which required a rapid response. The demand for inhibitory control was invoked through
the presentation of a stop signal on a subset of go trials which required that the ongoing response be suspended. The stop
signal was presented either concurrently with the go signal (restraint version) or after a variable delay (cancellation version).
In Study 1, we compared ADHD and control children on the cancellation version of the stop task; in Study 2, we compared ADHD
and controls on the restraint version. In Study 3, a subset of ADHD and control participants completed both tasks so that
we could examine convergence of these dimensions of inhibition. Compared to control participants, ADHD participants showed
a deficit both in the ability to cancel and to restrain a speeded motor response. Performance on the restraint version was
significantly correlated with performance on the cancellation version in controls, but not in ADHD participants. We conclude
that ADHD is associated with deficits in both restraint and cancellation subcomponents of inhibition. 相似文献