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81.
Paul D. Hastings Isabel Fortier William T. Utendale Louise R. Simard Philippe Robaey 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2009,37(4):565-578
Disruptions to hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis function have been associated with varying forms of psychopathology
in children. Studies suggesting children with ADHD have blunted HPA function have been complicated by the prevalence of comorbid
diagnoses and heterogeneity of ADHD. The goals of this research were to assess the relations between waking and stress–response
salivary cortisol levels and comorbid disruptive behavior (DBD) and anxiety (AnxD) disorders and problems in boys with ADHD,
and to examine whether cortisol levels varied across ADHD subtypes. One hundred seventy elementary school-age boys with ADHD
provided salivary cortisol at waking and in reaction to venipuncture. Parent reports were used to assess boys’ psychiatric
diagnoses and severity of behavioral problems. Boys’ comorbid AnxD and anxiety problems were associated with greater cortisol
reactivity, whereas boys’ comorbid DBD and oppositional problems predicted diminished adrenocortical activity. Reactive cortisol
increases were greatest in boys with ADHD and comorbid AnxD, but without DBD. ADHD subtypes were not differentially associated
with waking, pre-stress baseline, or reactive cortisol levels. However, comorbid DBD predicted decreased cortisol reactivity
in boys with inattentive and hyperactive subtypes of ADHD, but not in boys with combined subtype of ADHD. The results clarify
previous patterns of distinct and divergent dysregulations of HPA function associated with boys’ varying kinds of psychopathology.
相似文献
Paul D. HastingsEmail: |
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A General Factor of Personality (GFP) occupies the apex of the hierarchy in three prominent personality disorder inventories. On the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III, a GFP accounted for 41% of the variance in two second-order factors, 31% of the variance in five first-order factors, and 26% of the variance in all 24 scales. On the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology, a GFP accounted for 61% of the variance in six first-order factors and 36% of the variance in all 18 scales. In a cross-validation study of the Personality Assessment Inventory, a GFP accounted for 65% of the variance in two second-order factors, 47% of the variance in five first-order factors, and 27% of the variance in all 18 scales. 相似文献
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Philippe E. Ruiz 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(2):439-445
Drawing on the g factor and information theory literatures, the relationship between the four subtests of the Culture-Fair
Intelligence Test (CFIT) and the entropy of the Ruiz Absolute Scale of Complexity Management (R-ASCM) was investigated. In
results based on data collected from 186 university students, the entropy of the R-ASCM mostly loads the first principal component
extracted from the CFIT subtests and shows a corresponding strong relationship with the item difficulty of the R-ASCM. Because
entropy is a ratio scale of complexity— with a true zero and units called bits—these findings suggest that entropy
is the right vehicle for measuring the information contained in nonverbal intelligence tests. 相似文献
86.
Philippe Schlenker 《Synthese》2007,158(1):127-138
We provide a systematic recipe for eliminating self-reference from a simple language in which semantic paradoxes (whether
purely logical or empirical) can be expressed. We start from a non-quantificational language L which contains a truth predicate and sentence names, and we associate to each sentence F of L an infinite series of translations h
0(F), h
1(F), ..., stated in a quantificational language L
*. Under certain conditions, we show that none of the translations is self-referential, but that any one of them perfectly
mirrors the semantic behavior of the original. The result, which can be seen as a generalization of recent work by Yablo (1993,
Analysis, 53, 251–252; 2004, Self-reference, CSLI) and Cook (2004, Journal of Symbolic Logic, 69(3), 767–774), shows that under certain conditions self-reference is not essential to any of the semantic phenomena that can be obtained in a simple language. 相似文献
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Summary The study examines the possibility of observing on-line recognition of spoken words through manipulations of the location of the uniqueness point (UP) in a gender-classification task. The subjects were presented with spoken French nouns and had to indicate by a key-press response whether each was feminine or masculine. RTs measured from word onset were significantly correlated with UP location, a finding that supports the notion of on-line processing. The effect of UP location is, however, smaller than that predicted by the original cohort theory (that recognition occurs exactly at the UP). On the other hand, it is stronger when words with respectively early and late UPs are presented in homogeneous blocks rather than in mixed order. It is proposed that the results can be accounted for by the notion of a sub-optimal lexical strategy in which some monitoring of the phonetic data continues past the UP. 相似文献