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201.
Robert J. Vallerand Yvan Paquet Frederick L. Philippe Julie Charest 《Journal of personality》2010,78(1):289-312
ABSTRACT The purpose of the present research was to test a model on the role of passion for work in professional burnout. This model posits that obsessive passion produces conflict between work and other life activities because the person cannot let go of the work activity. Conversely, harmonious passion is expected to prevent conflict while positively contributing to work satisfaction. Finally, conflict is expected to contribute to burnout, whereas work satisfaction should prevent its occurrence. This model was tested in 2 studies with nurses in 2 cultures. Using a cross-sectional design, Study 1 ( n =97) provided support for the model with nurses from France. In Study 2 ( n =258), a prospective design was used to further test the model with nurses from the Province of Quebec over a 6-month period. Results provided support for the model. Specifically, harmonious passion predicted an increase in work satisfaction and a decrease in conflict. Conversely, obsessive passion predicted an increase of conflict. In turn, work satisfaction and conflict predicted decreases and increases in burnout changes that took place over time. The results have important implications for theory and research on passion as well as burnout. 相似文献
202.
Philippe Chuard 《Philosophical Studies》2010,149(2):161-200
Fallibilists about looks deny that the relation of looking the same as is non-transitive. Regarding familiar examples of coloured patches suggesting that such a relation is non-transitive, they
argue that, in fact, indiscriminable adjacent patches may well look different, despite their perceptual indiscriminability:
it’s just that we cannot notice the relevant differences in the chromatic appearances of such patches. In this paper, I present
an argument that fallibilism about looks requires commitment to an empirically false consequence. To succeed in deflecting
putative cases of non-transitivity, fallibilists would have to claim that there can’t be any perceptual limitations of any
kind on human chromatic discrimination. But there are good reasons to think such limitations exist. 相似文献
203.
Philippe Huneman 《Synthese》2010,177(2):213-245
This paper argues that besides mechanistic explanations, there is a kind of explanation that relies upon “topological” properties
of systems in order to derive the explanandum as a consequence, and which does not consider mechanisms or causal processes.
I first investigate topological explanations in the case of ecological research on the stability of ecosystems. Then I contrast
them with mechanistic explanations, thereby distinguishing the kind of realization they involve from the realization relations
entailed by mechanistic explanations, and explain how both kinds of explanations may be articulated in practice. The second
section, expanding on the case of ecological stability, considers the phenomenon of robustness at all levels of the biological
hierarchy in order to show that topological explanations are indeed pervasive there. Reasons are suggested for this, in which
“neutral network” explanations are singled out as a form of topological explanation that spans across many levels. Finally,
I appeal to the distinction of explanatory regimes to cast light on a controversy in philosophy of biology, the issue of contingence
in evolution, which is shown to essentially involve issues about realization. 相似文献
204.
Sylvie Viaux‐Savelon Didier Rabain Elisabeth Aidane Philippe Bonnet Marcella Montes de Oca Laurence Camon‐Sénéchal Michéle David Francine Couëtoux Jaqueline Wendland Priscille Gérardin Philippe Mazet Antoine Guedeney Miri Keren David Cohen 《Infant mental health journal》2010,31(2):242-253
Infants ages 0 to 1 year consecutively referred for psychiatric treatment during the year 2005 were followed, and variables associated with diagnosis and short‐term outcome were assessed. Infants were evaluated using the Psychiatric Infant Navigator Chart and Evaluation that includes nosological diagnoses [Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood, (DC 0–3), Zero to Three, 1994] as well as risk and protective factors, treatment procedure, and outcomes. Seventy‐six percent of the infants had an Axis I diagnosis, with anxiety disorders and a mixed disorder of emotional expressiveness being the most frequent. Twenty‐five percent had an Axis II diagnosis. Multiple correspondence analyses showed that two dimensions corresponding grossly to DC 0–3 Axes I and II emerged. They emphasized three clinical profiles characterized by (a) good infant functioning, parent's awareness of their own difficulties, and a good outcome; (b) moderate child symptoms, overinvolved relating, and a good/intermediate outcome; (c) severe child symptoms, underinvolved relating, and a less favorable short‐term outcome, signaling the risk for developmental disorders. Among the associated risk factors were cumulative parental stress, maternal psychopathology, and family dysfunction. Clinical implications of these findings indicated that infants under the age of 1 year who are referred for mental health evaluation and intervention are a heterogeneous group in terms of both severity and prognosis. Clinicians should differentiate subgroups of young children to detect those infants at risk for persistent psychopathology. 相似文献
205.
Alishia D. Williams Michelle L. Moulds Jessica R. Grisham Philippe Gay Tamara Lang Eva Kandris Aliza Werner-Seidler Carol Yap 《Journal of psychopathology and behavioral assessment》2010,32(3):397-405
Study 1 evaluated the psychometric properties of the English version of the Thought Control Ability Questionnaire (TCAQ; Luciano
et al. 2005), an index of perceived control over intrusive cognitions. Confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 720 University
students revealed a clear uni-dimensional structure (after removal of items 5, 7, 8, 14, and 25) with high internal consistency
(α = .87, 95% CI = [.86, .88]) and test-retest reliability after a six month interval (r = .68). Correlational analyses supported an inverse relationship with measures of depression, anxiety, maladaptive cognitive
control strategies, and obsessive–compulsive symptomatology. Study 2 tested the ability of the TCAQ to predict successful
cognitive control during an experimental suppression protocol. Results demonstrated that weak thought control ability was
predictive of the frequency and associated levels of distress of a target thought while under instruction to suppress. Additionally,
weak perceived thought control ability was predictive of increased efforts to suppress the target material. Collectively,
results suggest that thought control ability is a measurable individual difference variable and that the TCAQ is a reliable
index of perceived cognitive control. 相似文献
206.
Perroud N Uher R Dieben K Nicastro R Huguelet P 《Journal of personality disorders》2010,24(5):634-650
The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness, and predictors of response and drop-out during a four-week course of intensive dialectical behavior therapy (I-DBT) in 447 outpatients suffering from borderline personality disorder (BPD), over a 10-year period. Assessments included a diagnostic interview, the International Personality Disorder Examination Screening Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Beck Hopelessness Scale. Among these participants, 103 started a second course of treatment. In agreement with previous reports, I-DBT was effective in reducing levels of depression and hopelessness with a trend of increasing effectiveness over the study period. High schizoid scores and low narcissistic score predicted poor response. Treatment completion rate was high, and low education predicted dropout. A discussion on the usefulness of a second course of treatment should be held with patients and staff as it was not effective in reducing depression and hopelessness. 相似文献
207.
The term evilness started to become popular in social psychology after the publication in 1999 of the special issue edited by Arthur G. Miller, "Perspectives on evil and violence". It is usually used to define behaviors that are extremely and strongly harmful. However, the concept is still imprecise and needs to be empirically delineated. This article attempts to answer the following questions. What is evilness? What is the difference between aggression and evilness? We conducted several studies with three goals: to analyze how laypersons and experts define evilness, to verify whether laypeople distinguish between different intensities of evilness, and to determine the dimensions that predict aggression and evilness. The results offer preliminary answers to the three questions. 相似文献
208.
Philippe De Rouilhan 《Philosophical Studies》1992,65(1-2):169-182
209.
Philippe Fontaine 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2024,60(2):e22302
Economist Nobelist Thomas C. Schelling (1921–2016) is known for his contribution to the analysis of international conflict and many see him as the Cold Warrior par excellence. At a time of great uncertainties and dangers, Schelling combined a deep understanding of strategic analysis, a detailed knowledge of US commitments around the world and an inimitable talent for dissecting everyday behavior, which made him a think tank all on his own. When he turned to the analysis of bargaining in the mid-1950s, one question dominated policy discussions: “How to demonstrate the US commitment to the ‘free world’”? Schelling answered unequivocally: By restricting one's choices so as to shift others' expectations and thereby influence their behavior in the desired direction. By the mid-1970s, after he had broken with the US administration and joined the Committee on Substance Abuse and Habitual Behavior, Schelling transposed the tactics deployed in international conflict to the analysis of individuals trying to achieve self-control. In the process, he reproduced the logic of military conflict at the level of the self. The view of a conflicted self itself comprised of two selves made restricted choice the daily routine of individuals who wish to avoid the negative consequences of their present behavior in the future while it promised those who enjoy unbounded freedom of choice an unsettling future. 相似文献
210.
Julien E. Bois Philippe G. Sarrazin Robert J. Brustad Julien P. Chanal David O. Trouilloud 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(4):273-289
This study investigated the contribution of the reflected appraisal process to the ontogeny of children's self-perceptions of physical competence. Emanating from symbolic interactionist thought, reflected appraisals refer to individuals' perceptions of others' evaluations of their abilities. The influence of parents' appraisals of their child's competence on the child's self-appraisals was hypothesized to be mediated by parents' reflected appraisals. Data were collected from a sample of 147 sixth graders and their parents in three waves over one school year. Structural equation modeling revealed that 1) parents' appraisals at Wave 1 influenced children's reflected appraisals of parents at Wave 2; 2) reflected appraisals at Wave 2 influenced children's self-appraisals at Wave 3, controlling for both the child's actual level in sport (as assessed by the child's grade in physical education) and the child's self-appraisals at Wave 1; and 3) the influence of parents' appraisals on their child's self-appraisals was nonsignificant when reflected appraisals were controlled for. This study supported the mediational role of the reflected appraisal process. The findings from this study provide a unique contribution to the sport socialization knowledge base by highlighting the role of the reflected appraisal process in the formation of children's self-appraisals of ability. 相似文献