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Dr. Elena Partschefeld Dipl.-Psych. Bernhard Strauß Michael Geyer Swetlana Philipp 《Psychotherapeut》2013,58(5):438-445
Background
The development of therapeutic skills is an essential therapist-related variable that deserves special attention in the context of the currently increasingly discussed topic of therapeutic failures and discontinuation of therapy.Aim
The study investigated whether the use of simulated patients (SP) in the training of psychotherapists can lead to an increase in therapeutic skills.Material and methods
The use of SP (16 teaching units) was tested in a pre-post comparison with 29 training participants for child and adolescent therapy and analyzed from three perspectives: from the perspective of the SP, the training of participants and rater.Results
The work with SP in psychotherapy training leads to a significant increase in therapeutic skills; however, it requires further research to see if this teaching method is more effective than other approaches to teaching, whether it contributes to long-term changes in therapeutic skills and to what extent the results can be transferred to other therapeutic contexts (except exploration). 相似文献185.
Philipp Thomas Thomas Rammsayer Karl Schweizer Stefan Troche 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2015,11(1):3-13
Numerous studies reported a strong link between working memory capacity (WMC) and
fluid intelligence (Gf), although views differ in respect to
how close these two constructs are related to each other. In the present study,
we used a WMC task with five levels of task demands to assess the relationship
between WMC and Gf by means of a new methodological approach
referred to as fixed-links modeling. Fixed-links models belong to the family of
confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and are of particular interest for
experimental, repeated-measures designs. With this technique, processes
systematically varying across task conditions can be disentangled from processes
unaffected by the experimental manipulation. Proceeding from the assumption that
experimental manipulation in a WMC task leads to increasing demands on WMC, the
processes systematically varying across task conditions can be assumed to be
WMC-specific. Processes not varying across task conditions, on the other hand,
are probably independent of WMC. Fixed-links models allow for representing these
two kinds of processes by two independent latent variables. In contrast to
traditional CFA where a common latent variable is derived from the different
task conditions, fixed-links models facilitate a more precise or purified
representation of the WMC-related processes of interest. By using fixed-links
modeling to analyze data of 200 participants, we identified a non-experimental
latent variable, representing processes that remained constant irrespective of
the WMC task conditions, and an experimental latent variable which reflected
processes that varied as a function of experimental manipulation. This latter
variable represents the increasing demands on WMC and, hence, was considered a
purified measure of WMC controlled for the constant processes. Fixed-links
modeling showed that both the purified measure of WMC (β = .48) as well as the
constant processes involved in the task (β = .45) were related to
Gf. Taken together, these two latent variables explained
the same portion of variance of Gf as a single latent variable
obtained by traditional CFA (β = .65) indicating that traditional CFA causes an
overestimation of the effective relationship between WMC and
Gf. Thus, fixed-links modeling provides a feasible method for a
more valid investigation of the functional relationship between specific
constructs. 相似文献
186.
The Adaption-Innovation Inventory (AII), originally developed by Kirton (1976), is a widely used self-report instrument for measuring problem-solving styles at work. The present study investigates how scores on the AII are affected by different response styles. Data are collected from a combined sample (N = 738) of students, employees, and entrepreneurs. Using mixture distribution item response theory, we identify individuals with normal and distorted response styles. Additionally, we investigate antecedents and consequences of distorted responses. For antecedents, results indicate influences of cognitive schemata resulting from an individual's professional work context. For consequences, distorted responses show different relationships with occupational outcomes in comparison to normal responses. 相似文献
187.
According to usage‐based approaches to language acquisition, linguistic knowledge is represented in the form of constructions—form‐meaning pairings—at multiple levels of abstraction and complexity. The emergence of syntactic knowledge is assumed to be a result of the gradual abstraction of lexically specific and item‐based linguistic knowledge. In this article, we explore how the gradual emergence of a network consisting of constructions at varying degrees of complexity can be modeled computationally. Linguistic knowledge is learned by observing natural language utterances in an ambiguous context. To determine meanings of constructions starting from ambiguous contexts, we rely on the principle of cross‐situational learning. While this mechanism has been implemented in several computational models, these models typically focus on learning mappings between words and referents. In contrast, in our model, we show how cross‐situational learning can be applied consistently to learn correspondences between form and meaning beyond such simple correspondences. 相似文献
188.
Cheetham JM Rahm B Kaller CP Unterrainer JM 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2012,103(1):98-116
The role of verbal and visuospatial information processing in Tower of London (TOL) tasks was investigated. The first part of the investigation examined the verbal and visuospatial abilities and preferred cognitive style (visualizer vs. verbalizer) of 79 participants, in an inter-individual differences approach. Visuospatial abilities significantly predicted TOL performance, but the impact of cognitive style was negligible. The second part applied a dual-task manipulation of concurrent interference of TOL planning tasks on verbal and visuospatial memory, using the same participants. Concurrent processing of the TOL tasks diminished visuospatial memory performance considerably but had no effect on verbal memory, and there was no interaction between cognitive style and memory. These findings clearly underscore the role of visuospatial information processing in TOL tasks and indicate little bearing of verbal or visual cognitive style on TOL problem solving. These results have important implications for TOL and cognitive style in clinical application and cognitive neuroimaging research. 相似文献
189.
Diane A. Philipp 《Infant mental health journal》2012,33(6):599-608
This article proposes a new treatment model, Reflective Family Play, for clinical intervention in two‐parent families of children aged 0 to 5 years. It is play‐based and grounded in the evidence‐based treatment approach of Watch Wait and Wonder (WWW) as well as the assessment tool known as the Lausanne Family Play paradigm (LFP). WWW is a dyadic treatment for caregivers and their infants or preschoolers that has been shown to shift attachment in the very young (N.J. Cohen, E. Muir, & M. Lojkasek, 1999; N.J. Cohen, M. Lojkasek, E. Muir, R. Muir & C.J. Parker, 2002). The LFP is a more recent adaptation of the Lausanne Trilogue Play paradigm (LTP; E. Fivaz‐Depeursinge & A. Corboz‐Warnery, 1999). Together, the LTP/LFP have now been used for over 2 decades as reliable measures of the family alliance and interactions in two‐parent households. By combining concepts from WWW and the LTP/LFP, a novel approach is presented for treatment in two‐caregiver households. Clinical excerpts are used to illustrate. 相似文献
190.