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991.
Lowry CA Johnson PL Hay-Schmidt A Mikkelsen J Shekhar A 《Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2005,8(4):233-246
Anxiety is a complex emotional state associated with sustained heightened autonomic and behavioral arousal and an increase in avoidance behavior. Anxiety-related behavior is a form of risk assessment behavior that is associated with a level of uncertainty or unpredictability regarding the outcome of emotionally salient events, often when both rewarding and aversive outcomes are possible. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the neural circuits regulating anxiety states and anxiety-related behavior with an emphasis on the role of brainstem serotonergic systems in modulating anxiety-related circuits. In particular, we explore the possibility that the regulation of anxiety states and anxiety-related behavior by serotonergic systems is dependent on a specific, topographically organized mesolimbocortical serotonergic system that originates in the mid-rostrocaudal and caudal parts of the dorsal raphe nucleus. 相似文献
992.
Keying-related factors in psychological scales are variously interpreted substantively or as products of violations of the assumptions underlying item keying. The present study investigated whether the extremity of the wording of items may contribute to the emergence of item-keying factors in a commonly used psychological scale. Respondents (N = 277) completed the Life Orientation Test (M. F. Scheier & C. S. Carver, 1985) in either its original or modified, more moderately worded form. Results indicate that the interaction of item extremity and item keying significantly affected subscale means and, more important, that the more moderately worded scale was substantially more unidimensional. Results are explained partially through the association of lesser and greater extremity with the tendency for some respondents to agree or disagree with items irrespective of keying direction. These results, although demonstrated in only 1 scale, have potential relevance to any scale comprising positive and negative items. 相似文献
993.
Philip Twitchell Smith 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1969,5(6):329-337
The technique of using the signal detectability theory parameter d’ as a measure of trace strength in recognition memory is extended in a decision-making model that predicts that a S’s psychometric function lp(Y/s) plotted against stimulus intensity / will have a peak for intermediate values of trace strength when the S has a bias towards a “Yes” response. An experiment is reported where Ss were required to recognize previously presented nonsense syllables under a number of pay-off conditions designed to give different groups of Ss different response biases. The predictions of the model were confirmed. It is suggested that a S’s discriminability and response bias parameters may not be as stable as previous studies, that pool large samples of data, have indicated, and the results also provide support for a two-stage model of recognition, where a preliminary estimate of the trace strength of an item is obtained before the location of the response criterion is decided. 相似文献
994.
995.
Philip G. Ziegler 《International Journal of Systematic Theology》2023,25(4):544-554
This review of the second volume of Katherine Sonderegger's Systematic Theology reflects upon its several extraordinary features before exploring in some detail the theological account of Scripture integrated into its argument. The possibility of unfolding a metaphysically robust account of God's immanent triune life on the basis of the biblical witness turns upon a highly distinctive view of the Bible and its relation to God's own being. 相似文献
996.
Wenxi Pu Philip L. Roth Jason B. Thatcher Christine L. Nittrouer Mikki Hebl 《Personnel Psychology》2023,76(1):41-75
A significant percentage of veterans suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Veterans are often directed to social media platforms to seek support during their transition to civilian life. However, social media platforms are increasingly used to aid in hiring decisions, and these platforms may make veterans’ PTSD more discoverable during the hiring process. Based on social identity theory and identity management theory, the integrated suspicion model, and the stigma literature, we conducted four studies that examine veterans’ PTSD disclosures on social media and the consequences in the hiring process. Study 1 suggests that 16%–34% of veterans included cues related to PTSD status on social media. Study 2, based on 290 upper-level business students, shows that veterans with PTSD were more stigmatized than veterans without PTSD, and stigmatization is associated with more suspicion and lower hiring-related ratings (of expected task performance, expected organizational citizenship behaviors (OCB), expected counterproductive work behaviors (CWB), and intention to interview). Study 3, based on 431 working professionals with hiring experience, further supports relationships from Study 2. Study 4, based on 298 working professionals, identifies peril (i.e., perceptions regarding danger) as an additional mediator for the effects of PTSD on hiring-related ratings. In sum, we identify and explore the identity management conundrum that social media disclosure poses for veterans with PTSD in the hiring process and discuss potential remedies and avenues for future research. 相似文献
997.
998.
In the occupational community, there is a widespread faith in the utility of personality assessment for selection, development, etc. This faith has been immune to arguments, supported by empirical evidence, regarding the poor correlation between personality and performance in the workplace (these correlations rarely exceed the 0.2–0.3 level). The difference between perception of utility and the actual empirical reality is large. We investigated one possible source of this perceived-actual discrepancy. In two separate samples, we compared the magnitude of validity coefficients from individual and aggregate (i.e. organizational) levels. Our results indicated that strong actual personality-performance correlations exist at the aggregate level of analysis, but not at the individual level of analysis. We suggest that this aggregate-individual correlation discrepancy may, in part at least, account for the perceived-actual discrepancy noted above. We conclude that the continued faith in personality testing in the workplace may be a consequence of test users' sensitivity to actual aggregate level personality-performance correlations. However, we warn of the danger of drawing inferences from aggregate level correlations when making decisions about individuals, and point out the statistical artefacts that may account for some of the magnitude increase in aggregate level correlations. Several foci for further research are indicated. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Philip T. Quinlan 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1998,60(2):303-318
Four experiments examined the manner in which item identity and relative position are recovered from visual input. A successivesame/different matching paradigm was designed in which each trial contained a prime and a target display. Each display contained a reference object (i.e., a “+”) and a located object (i.e., a letter, which fell to either the right or the left of the “+”). In Experiment 1, subjects carried out identity judgments on the letters. Experiment 2 examined relative position judgments; in Experiment 3, subjects had to judge both item identity and relative position information. Overall, these initial data suggested that identity and positional information are recovered via independent mechanisms and that these operate concurrently. This suggestion was supported by the results of Experiment 4, which in turn disconfirmed an alternative response account of performance. 相似文献