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921.
922.
Angelica Ronald Lisa R. Edelson Philip Asherson Kimberly J. Saudino 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(2):185-196
Behaviors characteristic of autism and ADHD emerge in early childhood, yet research investigating their comorbidity has focused
on older children. This study aimed to explore the nature of the relationship between autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors
in a community sample of 2-year-olds. Twins from the Boston University Twin Project (N = 312 pairs) were assessed by their parents on autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors using the Childhood Behavior Checklist.
Phenotypic analyses showed that after controlling for general cognitive ability and socioeconomic status, autistic-like traits
(total scale as well as social and nonsocial subscales) correlated positively with ADHD behaviors (r = 0.23–0.26). Structural equation model-fitting analyses revealed that there were modest shared genetic influences between
ADHD- and autistic traits (genetic correlation = 0.27) as well as some common environmental influences explaining their covariation.
Implications for identifying shared biological pathways underlying autistic-like traits and ADHD behaviors are discussed. 相似文献
923.
924.
Juliette Margo Liber Brigit M. van Widenfelt Adelinde J. M. van der Leeden Arnold W. Goedhart Elisabeth M. W. J. Utens Philip D. A. Treffers 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2010,38(5):683-694
The present study investigated the impact of comorbidity over and above the impact of symptom severity on treatment outcome
of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for children with anxiety disorders. Children (aged 8–12, n = 124) diagnosed with an anxiety disorder were treated with a short-term CBT protocol. Severity was assessed with a composite
measure of parent-reported behavior problems. Two approaches to comorbidity were examined; “total comorbidity” which differentiated
anxiety disordered children with (n = 69) or without (n = 55) a co-occurring disorder and “non-anxiety comorbidity’ which differentiated anxious children with (n = 22) or without a non-anxiety comorbid disorder (n = 102). Treatment outcome was assessed in terms of Recovery, represented by post-treatment diagnostic status, and Reliable
Change, a score reflecting changes in pre- to post-treatment symptom levels. Severity contributed to the prediction of (no)
Recovery and (more) Reliable Change in parent-reported internalizing and externalizing symptoms and self-reported depressive
symptoms. Total and non-anxiety comorbidity added to the prediction of diagnostic recovery. Non-anxiety comorbidity added
to the prediction of Reliable Change in parent reported measures by acting as a suppressor variable. Non-anxiety comorbidity
operated as a strong predictor that explained all of the variance associated with severity for self-reported depressive symptoms.
The results support the need for further research on mechanisms by which treatment gains in children with higher symptom severity
and non-anxiety comorbidity can be achieved. 相似文献
925.
Cristina Ramponi Fionnuala C. Murphy Andrew J. Calder Philip J. Barnard 《Acta psychologica》2010,135(3):293-301
Depression has been associated with impaired recollection of episodic details in tests of recognition memory that use verbal material. In two experiments, the remember/know procedure was employed to investigate the effects of dysphoric mood on recognition memory for pictorial materials that may not be subject to the same processing limitations found for verbal materials in depression. In Experiment 1, where the recognition test took place two weeks after encoding, subclinically depressed participants reported fewer know judgements which were likely to be at least partly due to a remember-to-know shift. Although pictures were accompanied by negative or neutral captions at encoding, no effect of captions on recognition memory was observed. In Experiment 2, where the recognition test occurred soon after viewing the pictures, subclinically depressed participants reported fewer remember judgements. All participants reported more remember judgements for pictures of emotionally negative content than pictures of neutral content. Together, these findings demonstrate that recognition memory for pictorial stimuli is compromised in dysphoric individuals in a way that is consistent with a recollection deficit for episodic detail and also reminiscent of that previously reported for verbal materials. These findings contribute to our developing understanding of how mood and memory interact. 相似文献
926.
Conditional goal setting is the tendency for people to see attainment of their future personal goals as necessary for their well-being. It has been argued that this represents an unhealthy way of relating to one’s goals, as well as being particularly problematic when goals are perceived as unlikely. High conditional goal setting has been found to be related to depression and to hopelessness. The present study examined conditional goal setting in deliberate self-harm, where problematic thinking about the future is very prominent. A group of individuals attending hospital for a recent episode of deliberate self-harm (N = 25) were compared with controls attending hospital for minor injuries (N = 25) as well as a psychologically disordered but non-suicidal control group (N = 25). Participants generated goals and rated goal likelihood, the extent to which those goals were seen as necessary for their future well-being (conditional goal setting), and also the extent to which the goals were seen as sufficient for their future well-being (goal sufficiency). Deliberate self-harm patients showed a higher degree of both conditional goal setting and goal sufficiency than did both of the other groups, further confirming the idea of painful engagement with personal goals, rather than disengagement, as characterising deliberate self-harm. 相似文献
927.
Philip Clayton 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2010,68(1-3):139-152
Looking back over the last 40 years of work in the philosophy of religion provides a fascinating vantage point from which to assess the state of the discipline today. I describe central features of American philosophy of religion in 1970 and reconstruct the last 40 years as a progression through four main stages. This analysis offers an overarching framework from which to examine the major contributions and debates of process philosophy of religion during the same period. The major thinkers, topics, positions, and controversies are presented, analyzed, and critiqued. In the concluding section I offer a critical appraisal of the state of the field today based on the results of these historical analyses. 相似文献
928.
Hullmann SE Wolfe-Christensen C Ryan JL Fedele DA Rambo PL Chaney JM Mullins LL 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2010,17(4):357-365
The current study sought to investigate differences in parenting capacity variables across four disease groups. Parents (N = 425), the majority of whom were mothers, of children with either cancer, asthma, Type 1 diabetes, or cystic fibrosis, completed
measures of parental overprotection, perceived child vulnerability, and parenting stress. After controlling for significant
demographic variables, parents of children with cystic fibrosis and asthma reported higher perceived child vulnerability than
parents of children with either diabetes or cancer, while parents of children with asthma and diabetes reported higher parenting
stress than parents of children with cancer or cystic fibrosis. No differences between disease groups were found for parental
overprotection. The current study provides support for an illness-specific approach to understanding parenting capacity variables
in the context of childhood chronic illnesses. 相似文献
929.
Beidas RS Benjamin CL Puleo CM Edmunds JM Kendall PC 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(2):142-153
The current article offers suggestions for ways to adapt empirically supported treatments (ESTs). A specific manualized EST (Coping Cat; Kendall & Hedtke, 2006a) is used to illustrate the concept of "flexibility within fidelity" (Kendall & Beidas, 2007; Kendall, Gosch, Furr, & Sood, 2008). Flexibility within fidelity stresses the importance of using ESTs while considering and taking into account individual client presentations. In this discussion, recommendations are offered for the use of the Coping Cat with younger youth, adolescents, and youth with secondary comorbidities (i.e., social skills deficits, inattentive symptoms, and depressive symptoms). 相似文献
930.
Jennifer L. Podell Matthew Mychailyszyn Julie Edmunds Connor M. Puleo Philip C. Kendall 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(2):132-141
Manual-based treatments (therapist manuals, child workbooks) exist for the treatment of anxiety disorders in youth. The current article describes a cognitive-behavioral treatment program, Coping Cat, for childhood anxiety, with an emphasis on its flexible application and implementation as well as video components to demonstrate aspects of the program. The Coping Cat program, in the context of a favorable working relationship, uses relaxation, cognitive restructuring, problem-solving, and exposure tasks to help youth learn to identify and cope with their anxious arousal. Video components and case vignettes are used to bring life to the organizational framework used in the program: the FEAR plan. The FEAR plan, which provides youth with an acronym to recall their acquired skills, is defined and illustrated. Recommendations for the flexible application of the manual-based treatment of anxious youth are provided. 相似文献