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951.
Uncertain frequency detection of brief sinusoids in noise was studied in a special Yes-No paradigm that included single-frequency trials randomly interleaved with trials on which either of two frequencies could be presented. Contrary to implications from previous studies, and to sensory filter models of attention, the Os’ deliberate attempts to impose narrow- or wide-band listening had only a small effect on the relative detectability of signals at 500 Hz and at 1100 Hz. If frequency selectivity is to be understood as sensitivity adjustment (rather than as a recognition process), the relevant parameters may be entirely stimulus determined. 相似文献
952.
953.
Winding jig and construction details aregiven for a microminiature electrode for chronic small animal work. Electrode configuration is that of intermeshed helices. Increasing the number of leads does not affect bulk or flexibility. 相似文献
954.
THE AVAILABILITY AND HELPFULNESS OF SOCIALIZATION PRACTICES 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
This study reports on the socialization practices most available to new employees and the extent to which these practices are seen by newcomers as being helpful in becoming effective organizational members. The results showed that socialization practices are differentially available to newcomers, and perceptions of their helpfulness vary. The helpfulness of various socialization practices as reported by newcomers appears to affect their feelings of subsequent job satisfaction and commitment. 相似文献
955.
The effects of public posting on speeding behavior on an urban highway were assessed using a reversal design. During baseline the percentage of drivers speeding was measured with a concealed radar unit. During the daily posting condition a highway sign was installed which provided feedback on the percentage of drivers not speeding yesterday and the best record to date. This sign was then covered and reintroduced. Results indicated that the sign was effective in reducing speeding behavior. Furthermore, the effects were most pronounced in reducing the speeds of the faster drivers. Next, daily and weekly postings were compared with the sign alone without numerical feedback: results revealed that the weekly posting condition was as effective as the daily posting condition, but that the sign had no influence when numbers were not posted. Finally, the weekly posting procedure remained effective during a 6-month follow-up condition. 相似文献
956.
957.
George G. R. Kunz John R. Lutzker Anthony J. Cuvo Jacquie Eddleman Sandra Z. Lutzker Deborah Megson Beverly Gulley 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1982,15(4):521-531
Responding to administrative staff and parental concerns, using modified reversal and withdrawal designs, two experiments evaluated a staff-managed feedback system to improve the hygiene and developmental skills of children in an infant/toddler center. Experiment 1 examined feedback designed to increase staff performance in checking and changing diapers, and recording those changes. A chart plus supervisory feedback produced increases in and maintenance of staff performance. Experiment 2 compared an existing staff management system with a “playchart” plus feedback in increasing careprovider-infant stimulation. The data (with follow-up on a new staff) supported the use of the new feedback system. Questionnaire data further supported the utility of the playchart system. 相似文献
958.
A need for increased processing of auditory stimuli has been emphasized as a characteristic of aphasic patients. Clinical test performance of aphasics on tasks requiring various levels of communicative abilities was affected by rate of stimulus presentation. Stimuli were subtests of the Minnesota Test for Differential Diagnosis of Aphasia (MTDDA) presented at normal and slowed rates to aphasics grouped according to performance on the Porch Index of Communicative Abilities (PICA). Effect of rate on performance was influenced by severity of the disorder and complexity of the task required. Implications involve the clinician's attention to rate, presentation, and control of complexity of material. 相似文献
959.
Z S Bond 《Brain and language》1976,3(1):72-87
The first part of this paper considers the experimental evidence concerning a primary recognition unit in speech decoding. Considerations of general human information processing abilities lead to the suggestion that this primary unit must be a fairly long, but clearly identifiable, stretch of speech. Further evidence for the need of a primary recognition unit arises from a consideration of human abilities to identify the order of sounds in a repeated sequence of nonspeech sounds. In spite of the obvious ease with which the order of elements is perceived in speech, listeners have a great deal of difficulty determining the order of sounds in a repeated sequence of nonspeech sounds. Yet there is quite compelling evidence that speech and the perception of order are functions of the same cerebral hemisphere, and, further, that aphasic deficits are accompanied by deficits in the perception of temporal order. The data in the literature suggest that syllables, and phrases defined by suprasegmentals, might function as primary recognition units.In the second part of the paper, the results of an experiment are reported, showing that if a sequence of nonspeech sounds is provided with organization analogous to the organization provided by suprasegmentals in speech then normal subjects' performance on the task of determining the temporal order of the sequence is improved. Aphasic patients, however, appear to be unable to take advantage of such organizing parameters since their performance is not significantly affected by providing organization of the stimulus. 相似文献
960.
RICHARD R. REILLY BARBARA BROWN MILTON R. BLOOD CAROL Z. MALATESTA 《Personnel Psychology》1981,34(4):823-834
The effects of realistic job previews (RJPs) were studied with a sample of 842 candidates for telephone service representative. Two types of preview, a film and job visit, were used. Results showed no significant differences between RJP candidates and control candidates with respect to job acceptance, met expectations, job commitment and turnover. Because the findings were at variance with the conclusions of previous RJP research the data from previous studies were reexamined. Based on pooled data from eleven studies the average effect of RJPs on turnover rate was estimated as six percentage points overall. Neither the type of media used nor the length of time turnover is studied appears to interact with RJP effectiveness. RJPs appear to be more effective with more complex jobs, however. Explanations of RJP effects on turnover have not been consistently supported. Though data are limited, self-selection, met expectations and coping ability do not appear to be impacted by RJPs. There is some evidence that RJPs result in more positive job related attitudes, but the explanation for this is not clear. Difficulties in interpreting job preview research are noted, including insufficient statistical power, differences in organizational roles and the lack of a clear operational definition of realism. 相似文献