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131.
“The Cancer Bond”: Exploring the Formation of Cancer Risk Perception in Families with Lynch Syndrome
Aunchalee E. L. Palmquist Laura M. Koehly Susan K. Peterson Margarette Shegog Sally W. Vernon Ellen R. Gritz 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(5):473-486
This study explores the social context of hereditary cancer risk perception in three families, an African-American family,
a Mexican-American family, and a Caucasian family, each with Lynch Syndrome documented by a mismatch repair gene mutation.
Communication network assessments measured family communication about cancer experiences and genetic testing information among
a total of 26 participants. Participant narratives were evaluated to gain insight into how family cancer experiences and genetic
testing information have shaped perceptions of cancer risk. Analysis of communication networks indicated that some families
discussed cancer experiences to a greater extent than genetic testing information, and vice-versa. Interviews elucidated that
sharing both types of health information led participants to conceptualize linkages among a strong family history of cancer,
genetic testing information, and cancer prevention strategies. Understanding how different types of family communication influence
the formation of perceived hereditary disease risk may enhance efforts to tailor genetic counseling services for families. 相似文献
132.
Delay discounting is the process by which the value of an expected reward decreases as the delay to obtaining that reward increases. Individuals with higher discounting rates tend to prefer smaller immediate rewards over larger delayed rewards. Previous research has indicated that personality can influence an individual's discounting rates, with higher levels of Extraversion predicting a preference for immediate gratification. The current study examined how this relationship would be influenced by situational mood inductions. While main effects were observed for both Extraversion and cognitive ability in the prediction of discounting rates, a significant interaction was also observed between Extraversion and positive affect. Extraverted individuals were more likely to prefer an immediate reward when first put in a positive mood. Extraverts thus appear particularly sensitive to impulsive, incentive-reward-driven behavior by temperament and by situational factors heightening positive affect. 相似文献
133.
Correlates of intellectual ability with morphology of the hippocampus and amygdala in healthy adults 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several prior imaging studies of healthy adults have correlated volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala with measures of general intelligence (IQ), with variable results. In this study, we assessed correlations between volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala and full-scale IQ scores (FSIQ) using a method of image analysis that permits detailed regional mapping of this correlation throughout the surface contour of these brain structures. We delineated the hippocampus and amygdala in high-resolution magnetic resonance images of the brain from 34 healthy individuals. We then correlated FSIQ with overall volumes and with the surface morphologies of each of these structures. Hippocampus volumes correlated significantly and inversely with FSIQ independently of gender, age, socioeconomic status, and whole brain volume. Left and right hippocampus volumes correlated respectively with verbal and performance IQ subscales. Higher IQs were significantly associated with large inward deformations of the surface of the anterior hippocampus bilaterally. These findings suggest that a smaller anterior hippocampus contributes to an increased efficiency of neural processing that subserves overall intelligence. 相似文献
134.
135.
Jennifer Peterson 《Contemporary Islam》2008,2(3):271-295
This study introduces a trend of Egyptian dance music called mulid that is named after festivals held in honor of the Prophet Muhammad, his family, and Muslim saints. Distinct from Islamic
pop in its grassroots sound and ambiguous approach to piety, this trend draws musically and lyrically on mulids and the Sufi
tradition of inshad (spiritual, ritual-focused singing) in a youthful, boisterous dance style. The range of approaches it takes in doing so is
wide, from that of appreciation for the danceable musicality of inshad, to a quest to impart ‘traditional’ moral messages to youth, to playful fun-making of Sufi ritual and the mulid milieu. This
study examines the content of mulid dance songs, the festive and social contexts in which they are used, and some of the cultural
debates surrounding them. In doing so, it explores the ambiguous ways in which Egyptian youth culture is appropriating notions
of piety in grassroots musical entertainment. It further discusses why this fusion of street-smart attitudes and spiritual-based
motifs, existing as it does outside of the ‘clean’ Islamic pop current, nonetheless typically fails to incite religious sensibilities.
相似文献
Jennifer PetersonEmail: |
136.
The capacity of visual working memory was examined when complex objects from different categories were remembered. Previous studies have not examined how visual similarity affects object memory, though it has long been known that similar-sounding phonological information interferes with rehearsal in auditory working memory. Here, experiments required memory for two or four objects. Memory capacity was compared between remembering four objects from a single object category to remembering four objects from two different categories. Two-category sets led to increased memory capacity only when upright faces were included. Capacity for face-only sets never exceeded their nonface counterparts, and the advantage for two-category sets when faces were one of the categories disappeared when inverted faces were used. These results suggest that two-category sets which include faces are advantaged in working memory but that faces alone do not lead to a memory capacity advantage. 相似文献
137.
This article explores the linkages between strategies for managing different types of conflict and group performance and satisfaction. Results from a qualitative study of 57 autonomous teams suggest that groups that improve or maintain top performance over time share 3 conflict resolution tendencies: (a) focusing on the content of interpersonal interactions rather than delivery style, (b) explicitly discussing reasons behind any decisions reached in accepting and distributing work assignments, and (c) assigning work to members who have the relevant task expertise rather than assigning by other common means such as volunteering, default, or convenience. The authors' results also suggest that teams that are successful over time are likely to be both proactive in anticipating the need for conflict resolution and pluralistic in developing conflict resolution strategies that apply to all group members. 相似文献
138.
Self-esteem differences in the effects of hypocrisy induction on behavioral intentions in the health domain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two studies investigated whether individuals with varying levels of self-esteem respond differently in the hypocrisy paradigm. In the first study, all participants were regular smokers. Those in the hypocrisy condition delivered a speech in front of a camera on the dangers of smoking. The principal dependent measure was the intention to stop smoking. In the second study, participants in the hypocrisy condition wrote a public (personally identifiable) passage about the importance of a healthy lifestyle. The principal dependent measure was the intention to improve one's health behaviors. In both studies, self-esteem scores were positively related to intentions to change behavior in the hypocrisy condition but not in a control condition. The implications of these findings for conceptions of self-esteem and for dissonance theory are discussed. 相似文献
139.
Kristina A. Peterson 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2008,86(4):507-507
Book reviewed in this article: Empathy in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Perspectives and Practices by Arthur J. Clark, 2007 相似文献
140.
Background. As familial cancer genetic services moves into community practice increased numbers of trained health professionals are
needed to counsel individuals seeking cancer risk information. Nurses have been targeted to provide cancer risk assessment
and counseling. To help prepare nurses for this role, a 5-day training in familial cancer risk assessment and counseling followed
by a long-distance mentorship to support continued skill development in the work environment was conducted by Fox Chase Cancer
Center, Philadelphia, PA. Methods. Four cohorts (N = 41) have completed the training and were randomized to either an immediate or delayed mentorship. A formative evaluation
assessed the nurse’s ability to consult with other genetic health professionals and build self-efficacy in counseling skills
via responses to questionnaire. A post-mentorship interview evaluated the usefulness, timing and length of the mentorship.
Results. For both groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy for all skills from baseline to 6 months
and an increased number of nurses consulting with genetic health professionals. All the nurses reported the value of the mentorship
and those with less cancer risk counseling experience prior to the training needed support and resources for further skill
and program development. Lessons learned from this formative evaluation are provided. 相似文献