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131.
Correlates of intellectual ability with morphology of the hippocampus and amygdala in healthy adults 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several prior imaging studies of healthy adults have correlated volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala with measures of general intelligence (IQ), with variable results. In this study, we assessed correlations between volumes of the hippocampus and amygdala and full-scale IQ scores (FSIQ) using a method of image analysis that permits detailed regional mapping of this correlation throughout the surface contour of these brain structures. We delineated the hippocampus and amygdala in high-resolution magnetic resonance images of the brain from 34 healthy individuals. We then correlated FSIQ with overall volumes and with the surface morphologies of each of these structures. Hippocampus volumes correlated significantly and inversely with FSIQ independently of gender, age, socioeconomic status, and whole brain volume. Left and right hippocampus volumes correlated respectively with verbal and performance IQ subscales. Higher IQs were significantly associated with large inward deformations of the surface of the anterior hippocampus bilaterally. These findings suggest that a smaller anterior hippocampus contributes to an increased efficiency of neural processing that subserves overall intelligence. 相似文献
132.
133.
Jennifer Peterson 《Contemporary Islam》2008,2(3):271-295
This study introduces a trend of Egyptian dance music called mulid that is named after festivals held in honor of the Prophet Muhammad, his family, and Muslim saints. Distinct from Islamic
pop in its grassroots sound and ambiguous approach to piety, this trend draws musically and lyrically on mulids and the Sufi
tradition of inshad (spiritual, ritual-focused singing) in a youthful, boisterous dance style. The range of approaches it takes in doing so is
wide, from that of appreciation for the danceable musicality of inshad, to a quest to impart ‘traditional’ moral messages to youth, to playful fun-making of Sufi ritual and the mulid milieu. This
study examines the content of mulid dance songs, the festive and social contexts in which they are used, and some of the cultural
debates surrounding them. In doing so, it explores the ambiguous ways in which Egyptian youth culture is appropriating notions
of piety in grassroots musical entertainment. It further discusses why this fusion of street-smart attitudes and spiritual-based
motifs, existing as it does outside of the ‘clean’ Islamic pop current, nonetheless typically fails to incite religious sensibilities.
相似文献
Jennifer PetersonEmail: |
134.
The capacity of visual working memory was examined when complex objects from different categories were remembered. Previous studies have not examined how visual similarity affects object memory, though it has long been known that similar-sounding phonological information interferes with rehearsal in auditory working memory. Here, experiments required memory for two or four objects. Memory capacity was compared between remembering four objects from a single object category to remembering four objects from two different categories. Two-category sets led to increased memory capacity only when upright faces were included. Capacity for face-only sets never exceeded their nonface counterparts, and the advantage for two-category sets when faces were one of the categories disappeared when inverted faces were used. These results suggest that two-category sets which include faces are advantaged in working memory but that faces alone do not lead to a memory capacity advantage. 相似文献
135.
This article explores the linkages between strategies for managing different types of conflict and group performance and satisfaction. Results from a qualitative study of 57 autonomous teams suggest that groups that improve or maintain top performance over time share 3 conflict resolution tendencies: (a) focusing on the content of interpersonal interactions rather than delivery style, (b) explicitly discussing reasons behind any decisions reached in accepting and distributing work assignments, and (c) assigning work to members who have the relevant task expertise rather than assigning by other common means such as volunteering, default, or convenience. The authors' results also suggest that teams that are successful over time are likely to be both proactive in anticipating the need for conflict resolution and pluralistic in developing conflict resolution strategies that apply to all group members. 相似文献
136.
Self-esteem differences in the effects of hypocrisy induction on behavioral intentions in the health domain 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Two studies investigated whether individuals with varying levels of self-esteem respond differently in the hypocrisy paradigm. In the first study, all participants were regular smokers. Those in the hypocrisy condition delivered a speech in front of a camera on the dangers of smoking. The principal dependent measure was the intention to stop smoking. In the second study, participants in the hypocrisy condition wrote a public (personally identifiable) passage about the importance of a healthy lifestyle. The principal dependent measure was the intention to improve one's health behaviors. In both studies, self-esteem scores were positively related to intentions to change behavior in the hypocrisy condition but not in a control condition. The implications of these findings for conceptions of self-esteem and for dissonance theory are discussed. 相似文献
137.
Kristina A. Peterson 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2008,86(4):507-507
Book reviewed in this article: Empathy in Counseling and Psychotherapy: Perspectives and Practices by Arthur J. Clark, 2007 相似文献
138.
Background. As familial cancer genetic services moves into community practice increased numbers of trained health professionals are
needed to counsel individuals seeking cancer risk information. Nurses have been targeted to provide cancer risk assessment
and counseling. To help prepare nurses for this role, a 5-day training in familial cancer risk assessment and counseling followed
by a long-distance mentorship to support continued skill development in the work environment was conducted by Fox Chase Cancer
Center, Philadelphia, PA. Methods. Four cohorts (N = 41) have completed the training and were randomized to either an immediate or delayed mentorship. A formative evaluation
assessed the nurse’s ability to consult with other genetic health professionals and build self-efficacy in counseling skills
via responses to questionnaire. A post-mentorship interview evaluated the usefulness, timing and length of the mentorship.
Results. For both groups, there was a statistically significant improvement in self-efficacy for all skills from baseline to 6 months
and an increased number of nurses consulting with genetic health professionals. All the nurses reported the value of the mentorship
and those with less cancer risk counseling experience prior to the training needed support and resources for further skill
and program development. Lessons learned from this formative evaluation are provided. 相似文献
139.
Dana M. Rhule-Louie Sarah Bowen John S. Baer Peggy L. Peterson 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(3):306-319
This study examines how substance use is associated with the health and safety of homeless youth using cross-sectional, self-report
data from 285 homeless adolescents. Path models were used to examine concurrent relationships between youth’s substance use
and multiple aspects of their health and safety, including measures of psychological distress, housing risk and instability,
and medical problems. Substance use was examined with both global (i.e., a composite of days of use across various drugs and
alcohol) and specific (i.e., rates of use of specific drugs, injection drug use) measures. After controlling for demographic
and historical variables, number of days of use was significantly related to psychological distress, whereas injection drug
use was significantly related to housing risk. Examination of specific drugs revealed relationships between psychological
distress and the use of alcohol, cocaine, and amphetamines, and a specific relationship between housing risk and the use of
heroin. None of the measures of substance use was significantly related to youth’s medical problems. Implications for interventions
with homeless adolescents are discussed. 相似文献
140.
Gregory R. Peterson 《Zygon》2006,41(3):689-712
Abstract. The category of emergence has come to be of considerable importance to the science‐and‐religion dialogue. It has become clear that the term is used in different ways by different authors, with important implications. In this article I examine the criteria used to state that something is emergent and the different interpretations of those criteria. In particular, I argue similarly to Philip Clayton that there are three broad ranges of interpretation of emergence: reductive, nonreductive, and radical. Although all three criteria have their place, I suggest that the category of radical emergence is important both for science and theology. 相似文献