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101.
This brief report describes a programmatic approach to health promotion that can help address the social determinants of mental-health and associated risky behaviours. Using a South African case example, we illustrate that while micro-system interventions help to strengthen individual resilience and immediate proximal protective influences, group system interventions can assist to promote health enhancing social identities and representations. We conclude that multi-level interventions that assume a systemic focus can strengthen community transformative efforts to address social determinants of mental and behavioural health. 相似文献
102.
Graciana Petersen 《国际科学哲学研究》2014,28(3):235-253
This article provides a spatial analysis of the conceptual framework of fluid dynamics during the nineteenth century, focusing on the transition from the Euler equation to the Navier–Stokes equation. A dynamic version of Peter Gärdenfors's theory of conceptual spaces is applied which distinguishes changes of five types: addition and deletion of special laws; change of metric; change in importance; change in separability; addition and deletion of dimensions. The case instantiates all types but the deletion of dimensions. We also provide a new view upon limiting case reduction at the conceptual level that clarifies the relation between the predecessor and successor conceptual framework. The nineteenth-century development of fluid dynamics is argued to be an instance of normal science development. 相似文献
103.
Henrik Steen Andersen Anders Korsgaard Christensen Gorm Odden Petersen 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2013,26(3):245-251
Abstract Rescue tasks under heavy strain may act as traumatic events creating stress reactions among the rescue workers. After a major rail accident the rescue workers were examined by questionnaire at 3 and 7 months postaccident using the General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ), Impact of Event Scale (IES) and a structured questionnaire made for the purpose. Eighteen percent of the 77 rescue workers who participated in the study had GHQ-case-score and 10% had IES-case-score at 7 months using the usual GHQ-cut-off (4/5) and a low IES-cut-off (19/20). For the case-scorers there was a tendency towards increased GHQ- and IES-scores from 3 to 7 months. Five (6%) had post-traumatic stress disorders (PTSD) of low to moderate severity at 7 months. 相似文献
104.
Patricia A. Ganz C. Anne Coscarelli Schag Barbara Kahn Laura Petersen 《Psychology & health》2013,28(1-2):93-110
Abstract We have recently developed and psychometrically evaluated an HIV-specific quality of life instrument. The new instrument is called the HIV Overview of Problems-Evaluation System (HOPES) which was adapted from an established cancer-specific quality of life instrument called the CARES. In this paper we review the psychometric properties of the HOPES, examine the quality of life impact of HIV infection in a cross-sectional evaluation of 318 patients using data from the HOPES and describe other work in progress or planned using the HOPES. 相似文献
105.
Age-associated memory impairment diagnoses: problems of reliability and concerns for terminology. 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
G Smith R J Ivnik R C Petersen J F Malec E Kokmen E Tangalos 《Psychology and aging》1991,6(4):551-558
Objective memory criteria for diagnosing age-associated memory impairment (AAMI), age-consistent memory impairment, and late-life forgetfulness (LLF) were applied to 523 cognitively normal older persons divided into 2 groups on the basis of the clinical memory assessment battery they received. Seventy-seven percent of Group 2 and 98% of Group 1 met the Crook et al. (1986) cognitive criteria for AAMI on at least 1 test. Rates based on individual tests varied from 7% to 96%. Objective-cognitive criteria for LLF were met by no members of Group 1 but by 31% of Group 2. Results suggest that, as proposed, the criteria for age-related diagnoses lack reliability. Concerns regarding the diagnosis of normal memory in older populations are considered. 相似文献
106.
Carol A. E. Nickerson Gary H. McClelland Doreen M. Petersen 《Behavior research methods》1990,22(4):360-374
Methodological problems encountered in implementing conjoint analysis include (1) the impractically large set of multiattribute choice alternatives created by the factorial combination of more than a few attributes, (2) the hypothetical nature of the alternatives in the choice set, and (3) the assumption that each individual’s preferences can be described by the same composition rule. The techniques of tailoring, belief matching, and axiom testing are suggested as solutions to these problems, and their use is demonstrated in a conjoint analysis study of individuals’ contraceptive preferences. It is noted that tailoring and belief matching can also be used as methodological enhancements in functional measurement studies. 相似文献
107.
108.
This study examined the hypothesis that the type of list context in which a given item is embedded may affect the way in which it is perceptually processed. In the first experiment, subjects matched four types of test items inserted in four types of lists. The types of test items and the types of lists in which they were embedded were two-letter words, two-letter spelling clusters, unrelated letter pairs, and pairs of novel letters. The first experiment indicated that only unrelated letter pairs were significantly affected by type of list in which they were inserted. The pattern of the effect was confirmed in the latency data of the second experiment and the interpretation was that only unrelated letter and related letter-group contexts were operating in the first two experiments. The third and fourth experiments were concerned with contrasting contexts at the feature and letter levels of processing. By using lists in which type of catch trial either emphasized local features or global aspects of a pattern, the processing times of both familiar and unfamiliar letters were affected. The results of these experiments suggest that information processing models should incorporate structures which represent the way that context selectively facilitates processing of items at particular levels. 相似文献
109.
The present study examined the expectancies of success, evaluations of performance, and achievement-related attributions that high school students made about verbal and spatial tasks that typically show sex differences. Although no sex differences were found in task performance, boys expected to do better than girls on both the spatial and verbal tasks. After completing the task, the girls continued to evaluate their performance more negatively than did boys on the spatial tasks. On spatial tasks girls also attributed to themselves less ability and saw the tasks as being more difficult than did boys. The results suggest that there are generalized, rather than task-specific, sex differences in achievement expectancies, evaluations, and attributions. These findings are discussed in terms of their implications for sex-related differences in cognitive functioning and subsequent achievement behaviors.The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the Judith Offer Fund and from the Spencer Foundation. 相似文献
110.
The present study included observational and self‐report measures to examine associations among parental stress, parental behaviour, child behaviour, and children's theory of mind and emotion understanding. Eighty‐three parents and their 3‐ to 5‐year‐old children participated. Parents completed measures of parental stress, parenting (laxness, overreactivity), and child behaviour (internalizing, externalizing); children completed language, theory of mind, and emotion understanding measures. Parent–child interactions also were observed (N=47). Laxness and parenting stress predicted children's theory of mind performance and parental usage of imitative gestures and vocalizations accounted for unique variance in emotion understanding. Associations also were found between child behaviour and emotion understanding. Results provide support for direct and indirect associations between parent–child interactions and early social‐cognitive development. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献