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Schoenleber Michelle Beltran Emily Peters Jessica R. Anestis Michael D. 《Motivation and emotion》2021,45(6):798-808
Motivation and Emotion - Shame aversion has been theorized to motivate aggression against the self or others as means of down-regulating shame. Additionally, the direction of aggression may depend... 相似文献
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Various attempts have been made to subdivide the corpus callosum (CC) into anatomically and functionally distinct subareas. A promising current approach is the use of factor analytic techniques in conjunction with traced MRI images. The traced images are divided into 99 percentile slices, where the widths of the percentile slices are used as variables that are entered into the analysis (Denenberg, Kertesz & Cowell, 1991). Studies that use this technique agree broadly between 6 and 7 factors, but available factor solutions contain inconsistencies and large gaps, which arise when many of the percentile slices do not load appreciably on any of the factors. The present study uses a larger number of brains (N = 184), all normalized, and some methodological refinements in the analysis of the traced MRI images of the CC. A stable 7 factor solution was found, and the factor structure for males and females was very similar. 相似文献
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The Simon effect is the performance advantage for spatially corresponding, compared to non-corresponding, target-response
ensembles when the location of the target is task irrelevant. In four experiments, we tested the predictions of the attention-shift
account of the Simon effect. In all experiments, subjects made choice responses with respect to the identity of a central
target that followed a spatially non-informative peripheral precue. The first experiment showed a Simon effect away from the
precue when the precue was a go/no-go signal: responses to spatially non-corresponding precue-response pairs were faster than
responses to spatially corresponding precue-response pairs. The results of the second experiment suggested that this “reverse”
Simon effect was not due to inhibition. In the third experiment, a secondary working memory task required the encoding, and
later recall, of “oddball” precues. Although the Simon effect was absent, larger Simon effects towards the precue (i.e., responses
were faster to spatially corresponding, compared to non-corresponding, precue-response ensembles) were correlated with poorer
performance on the memory task. In the last experiment, the identity of completely non-informative precues was congruent,
incongruent, or unrelated to the identity of the target. With precues that were unrelated to the identity of the target, there
was a Simon effect towards the precues. Conversely, the Simon effect occurred away from the precue when the identity of the
precue was related to that of the target. The findings suggest that a shift of attention alone is not sufficient to produce
the Simon effect. Rather, the shift of attention must originate from an intentionally defined object. The results are discussed
within a framework that integrates the attention-shift and referential-coding hypotheses.
Received: 2 December 1999 / Accepted: 23 March 2000 相似文献
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Huntjens RJ Peters ML Postma A Woertman L Effting M van der Hart O 《Behaviour research and therapy》2005,43(2):243-255
Patients with Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) frequently report episodes of interidentity amnesia, that is amnesia for events experienced by other identities. The goal of the present experiment was to test the implicit transfer of trauma-related information between identities in DID. We hypothesized that whereas declarative information may transfer from one identity to another, the emotional connotation of the memory may be dissociated, especially in the case of negative, trauma-related emotional valence. An evaluative conditioning procedure was combined with an affective priming procedure, both performed by different identities. In the evaluative conditioning procedure, previously neutral stimuli come to refer to a negative or positive connotation. The affective priming procedure was used to test the transfer of this acquired valence to an identity reporting interidentity amnesia. Results indicated activation of stimulus valence in the affective priming task, that is transfer of emotional material between identities. 相似文献
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Genetic Cancer Risk Assessment and Counseling: Recommendations of the National Society of Genetic Counselors 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Trepanier A Ahrens M McKinnon W Peters J Stopfer J Grumet SC Manley S Culver JO Acton R Larsen-Haidle J Correia LA Bennett R Pettersen B Ferlita TD Costalas JW Hunt K Donlon S Skrzynia C Farrell C Callif-Daley F Vockley CW;National Society of Genetic Counselors 《Journal of genetic counseling》2004,13(2):83-114
These cancer genetic counseling recommendations describe the medical, psychosocial, and ethical ramifications of identifying at-risk individuals through cancer risk assessment with or without genetic testing. They were developed by members of the Practice Issues Subcommittee of the National Society of Genetic Counselors Cancer Genetic Counseling Special Interest Group. The information contained in this document is derived from extensive review of the current literature on cancer genetic risk assessment and counseling as well as the personal expertise of genetic counselors specializing in cancer genetics. The recommendations are intended to provide information about the process of genetic counseling and risk assessment for hereditary cancer disorders rather than specific information about individual syndromes. Key components include the intake (medical and family histories), psychosocial assessment (assessment of risk perception), cancer risk assessment (determination and communication of risk), molecular testing for hereditary cancer syndromes (regulations, informed consent, and counseling process), and follow-up considerations. These recommendations should not be construed as dictating an exclusive course of management, nor does use of such recommendations guarantee a particular outcome. These recommendations do not displace a health care provider's professional judgment based on the clinical circumstances of a client. 相似文献