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121.
Peter F. W. PreeceKenneth L. Q. Read 《Intelligence》1996,23(3):229
Based on the construct of classical IQ (mental age/chronological age), a model of the proportions of the population at various stages of cognitive development as a function of age is proposed. The model, which accounts well for empirical data for the age range 13 through 17 years, is shown to compare favorably with other theoretical models. The success of the model provides further evidence of the salience of the construct of general cognitive capacity in differential psychology. 相似文献
122.
Therapists and parents were given vignettes describing the behavioural and emotional difficulties of two nine-year-old children and were asked to rate the importance of a number of possible explanations for such difficulties. Broad agreement was found between parents and therapists, but also there were a number of significant differences. Parents endorsed more child centered explanations and put greater emphasis on physical and developmental factors, while therapists endorsed relationships factors and saw the beliefs of other family members as important. Therapists who were parents showed a pattern of responses that lay between those of parents and non-parent therapists. 相似文献
123.
124.
Arlene Rubin Stiffman Ph.D. Peter Dore M.A. Renee M. Cunningham Ph.D. 《Journal of child and family studies》1996,5(4):487-501
We explore a model that examines how personal and environmental variables explain violent behavior by adolescents. Repeated interviews with youths from 1984–1992 from 10 cities across the United States provided the data. These interviews first occurred with 2,787 youths when they were adolescents (1984–85 and 1986–87) and the interviews were repeated on a subsample of 602 youths when they were young adults (1989–90 and 1991–92). Longitudinal multivariate analyses showed that almost a third of the variance in adolescent violent behaviors was predicted by a combination of personal variables (gender, substance misuse) and environmental variables (history of child abuse, stressful events, traumatic events, and city rates of unemployment). Further, almost a third of the variance in change in violent behaviors from year to year was predicted by prior violent behavior and a combination of personal variables (gender, suicidality, and substance misuse) and environmental variables (stressful events). 相似文献
125.
Joanna S. Burg Lynanne M. McGuire Richard G. Burright Peter J. Donovick 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》1996,3(3):243-251
This study investigated the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in an inpatient psychiatric population. We hypothesized increased prevalence of TBI relative to the general population due to a variety of risk factors observed in psychiatric patients. One hundred (mean age = 34) psychiatric inpatients completed the revised Head Injury Questionnaire. Chart review of 17 subjects reporting injuries established whether injuries were documented in medical records. Sixty-eight percent of this psychiatric population reported one or more injuries in which they were unconscious or dazed. This number is higher than the prevalence in the general population. Injuries were generally of mild to moderate severity; multiple injuries were common. Chart review of 17 subjects reporting TBI indicated that histories of TBI had not been noted in the medical record. Finally, 63% of TBI subjects reported that their injury predated the onset of their psychiatric symptoms. These results suggest a possible role of TBI in psychiatric symptomatology and have implications for psychiatric treatment in this population. 相似文献
126.
Starting with a prototypical model of Newtonian mechanics, a sequence of dynamic models with increasing structural complexity is presented. The implicated smooth variation along a dimension of structural complexity yields dynamic models which display organismic properties such as stagewise development and emergent self-organization. Consequently, it is concluded that dynamic models of development are inherently neutral with respect to the mechanism-organicism controversy. Accordingly, a unitary research program is proposed in which these dynamic models serve as building blocks for the construction of a coherent explanatory system of development. 相似文献
127.
128.
Peter C Fishburn 《Journal of mathematical psychology》1978,18(3):205-219
Choice probabilities are basic to much of the theory of individual choice behavior in mathematical psychology. On the other hand, consumer economics has relied primarily on preference relations and choice functions for its theories of individual choice. Although there are sizable literatures on the connections between choice probabilities and preference relations, and between preference relations and choice functions, little has been done—apart from their common ties to preference relations—to connect choice probabilities and choice functions. The latter connection is studied in this paper. A family of choice functions that depends on a threshold parameter is defined from a choice probability function. It is then shown what must be true of the choice probability function so that the choice functions satisfy three traditional rationality conditions. Conversely, it is shown what must be true of the choice functions so that the choice probability function satisfies a version of Luce's axiom for individual choice probabilities. 相似文献
129.
Kelly D. Brownell Carol L. Heckerman Robert J. Westlake Steven C. Hayes Peter M. Monti 《Behaviour research and therapy》1978,16(5):323-333
To evaluate the influence of spouse co-operativeness and couples training in the treatment of obesity, 29 obese men and women were assigned to three experimental conditions: (1) Co-operative spouse-couples training: subjects attended all meetings with spouses. Spouses were trained in modeling, monitoring, and reinforcement techniques; (2) Co-operative spouse-subject alone: subjects attended meetings alone even though their partners had agreed to become involved in treatment; (3) Non-cooperative spouse: subjects had spouses refusing to participate in the program, and attended sessions alone. At the 3-month and 6-month maintenance assessments. subjects in the spouse training condition lost significantly more weight than subjects in the other two conditions. Weight losses compared favorably to those of any controlled study with subjects in the couples training group averaging nearly 30 lbs lost after 8 months of treatment. In the absence of spouse training, subjects with co-operative spouses did no better than subjects with non-co-operative spouses. The findings suggest that spouse training may have a potent facilitative effect in weight reduction, and that this effect may promote long-term maintenance of weight loss. 相似文献
130.
Peter Blunt 《International journal of psychology》1978,13(2):139-146
The usefulness of the E.P.I. as a discriminator between functionally differentiated groups of white managers in South Africa was investigated. The results supported the hypothesis that managers performing jobs of a less routine nature would be more extraverted than managers involved in more routine work. It was suggested that the E.P.I. may have a useful role to play in organizational placement. This supported the conclusions of Eysenck (1967). 相似文献