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871.
Margaret H. Sibley William E. Pelham Brooke S. G. Molina Elizabeth M. Gnagy Daniel A. Waschbusch Aparajita Biswas Michael G. MacLean Dara E. Babinski Kathryn M. Karch 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(1):21-32
This study examined the association between childhood ADHD and juvenile delinquency by examining data from the Pittsburgh
ADHD Longitudinal Study (PALS), a follow-up study of individuals diagnosed with ADHD in childhood (ages 5–12) and recontacted
in adolescence and young adulthood for yearly follow-up (age at first follow-up interview M = 17.26, SD = 3.17). Participants were 288 males with childhood ADHD and 209 demographically similar males without ADHD who were recruited
into the follow-up study. Delinquency information gathered yearly during the second through eighth follow-up provided a comprehensive
history of juvenile delinquency for all participants. Four childhood diagnostic groups [ADHD-only (N = 47), ADHD + ODD (N = 135), ADHD + CD (N = 106), and comparison (N = 209)] were used to examine group differences on delinquency outcomes. Analyses were conducted across three dimensions of
delinquency (i.e., severity, age of initiation, and variety). Individuals with childhood ADHD + CD displayed significantly
worse delinquency outcomes than the other three groups, across almost all indices of offending. When compared to comparison
participants, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD in childhood displayed earlier ages of delinquency initiation, a greater
variety of offending, and higher prevalence of severe delinquency. These findings suggest that although childhood ADHD + CD
creates the greatest risk for delinquency, boys with ADHD-only and ADHD + ODD also appear at a higher risk for later offending.
The patterns of offending that emerged from the PALS are discussed in the context of the relationship between ADHD, comorbidity,
and delinquency. 相似文献
872.
Temperament was examined as a moderator of maternal parenting behaviors, including warmth, negativity, autonomy granting,
and guidance. Observations of parenting and questionnaire measures of temperament and adjustment were obtained from a community
sample (N = 214; ages 8–12). Trajectories of depression and anxiety were assessed across 3 years. The pattern of parenting as a predictor
of internalizing symptoms depended on temperament. Maternal negativity predicted increases in depression for children low
in fear. Effortful control moderated sensitivity to maternal negativity, autonomy granting, and guidance. Children low in
effortful control reported more symptoms in the presence of negative or poor-fitting parenting. The results support differential
responding, but also suggest that temperament may render children vulnerable for the development of problems regardless of
parenting. 相似文献
873.
Neumann A van Lier PA Frijns T Meeus W Koot HM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(5):657-669
This study examined the role of the level and variability of happiness, anger, anxiety, and sadness in the development of
adolescent-reported anxiety disorder symptoms, depressive symptoms, and aggressive behavior in 452 adolescents (250 male)
followed from age 13 to 14. Level and between-day variability of emotions were assessed through adolescent report at 3-month
intervals across a 1 year period. Level and variability of the four emotions contributed to changes in anxiety disorder and
depressive symptoms more consistently than to changes in aggressive behavior. All four emotions were predictive of changes
in internalizing problems, while anger played the most prominent role in the development of aggressive behavior. Variability
of emotions contributed to changes in anxiety disorder symptoms, while heightened levels of negative emotions and diminished
happiness contributed to changes in depression. Results suggested somewhat stronger effects of negative affect on aggressive
behavior for females than for males. Results underscore the role of emotion dysregulation in the development of psychopathology. 相似文献
874.
Jian XQ Wang KS Wu TJ Hillhouse JJ Mullersman JE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(6):773-782
Twin and family studies have shown that genetic factors play a role in the development of conduct disorder (CD). The purpose
of this study was to identify genetic variants associated with CD using a family-based association study. We used 4,720 single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from the Illumina Panel and 11,120 SNPs from the Affymetrix 10K GeneChips genotyped in 155
Caucasian nuclear families from Genetic Analysis Workshop (GAW) 14, a subset from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics
of Alcoholism (COGA). 20 SNPs had suggestive associations with CD (p < 10−3), nine of which were located in known genes, including ADAM10 (rs383902, p = 0.00036) and CAMK2A (rs2053053, p = 0.00098). Our results were verified using the International Multi-Center ADHD Genetics Project (IMAGE) dataset. In conclusion,
we identified several loci associated with CD. Especially, the two genes (ADAM10 and CAMK2A) have been reported to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease, bipolar disorder and depression. These findings may serve
as a resource for replication in other populations. 相似文献
875.
Socially anxious feelings sharply increase during adolescence and such feelings have been associated with interpretive biases.
Studies in adults have shown that interpretive biases can be modified using Cognitive Bias Modification procedures (CBM-I)
and subsequent effects on anxiety have been observed. The current study was designed to examine whether the CBM-I procedure
has similar effects in adolescents. Unselected adolescents were randomly allocated to either a positive interpretation training
(n = 88) or a placebo-control condition (n = 82). Results revealed that the training was successful in modifying interpretations and effects generalized to a new task.
The interpretive bias effects were most pronounced in individuals with a threat-related interpretive bias at pre-test. No
effects on state anxiety were observed. The current findings are promising with regard to applying bias modification procedures
to adolescents, while further research is warranted regarding emotional effects. 相似文献
876.
877.
Michelle M. Martel Molly Nikolas Katherine Jernigan Karen Friderici Irwin Waldman Joel T. Nigg 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(1):1-10
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prime candidate for exploration of gene-by-environment interaction (i.e.,
G x E), particularly in relation to dopamine system genes, due to strong evidence that dopamine systems are dysregulated in
the disorder. Using a G x E design, we examined whether the DRD4 promoter 120-bp tandem repeat polymorphism, previously associated with ADHD, moderated the effects of inconsistent parenting
and marital conflict on ADHD or Oppositional-Defiant Disorder (ODD). Participants were 548 children with ADHD and non-ADHD
comparison children and their parents. Homozygosity for the DRD4 promoter 120-bp tandem repeat insertion allele increased vulnerability for ADHD and ODD only in the presence of inconsistent
parenting and appeared to increase susceptibility to the influence of increased child self-blame for marital conflict on ADHD
inattention. DRD4 genotypes may interact with these proximal family environmental risk factors by increasing the individual’s responsivity
to environmental contingencies. 相似文献
878.
This study examined transactional associations between responses to peer stress and depression in youth. Specifically, it
tested the hypotheses that (a) depression would predict fewer effortful responses and more involuntary, dysregulated responses
to peer stress over time; and (b) fewer adaptive and more maladaptive responses would predict subsequent depression. Youth
(M age = 12.41; SD = 1.19; 86 girls, 81 boys) and their maternal caregivers completed semi-structured interviews and questionnaires at three
annual waves. Multi-group comparison path analyses were conducted to examine sex and stress-level differences in the proposed
reciprocal-influence model. In girls and in youth exposed to high levels of peer stress, maladaptive stress responses predicted
more depressive symptoms and adaptive stress responses predicted fewer depressive symptoms at each wave. These findings suggest
the utility of preventive interventions for depression designed to enhance the quality of girls’ stress responses. In boys,
depression predicted less adaptive and more maladaptive stress responses, but only at the second wave. These findings suggest
that interventions designed to reduce boys’ depressive symptoms may help them develop more adaptive stress responses. 相似文献
879.
Childhood Social Withdrawal,Interpersonal Impairment,and Young Adult Depression: A Mediational Model
Katz SJ Conway CC Hammen CL Brennan PA Najman JM 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(8):1227-1238
Building on interpersonal theories of depression, the current study sought to explore whether early childhood social withdrawal
serves as a risk factor for depressive symptoms and diagnoses in young adulthood. The researchers hypothesized that social
impairment at age 15 would mediate the association between social withdrawal at age 5 and depression by age 20. This mediational
model was tested in a community sample of 702 Australian youth followed from mother’s pregnancy to youth age 20. Structural
equation modeling analyses found support for a model in which childhood social withdrawal predicted adolescent social impairment,
which, in turn, predicted depression in young adulthood. Additionally, gender was found to moderate the relationship between
adolescent social impairment and depression in early adulthood, with females exhibiting a stronger association between social
functioning and depression at the symptom and diagnostic level. This study illuminates one potential pathway from early developing
social difficulties to later depressive symptoms and disorders. 相似文献
880.
Graziano PA McNamara JP Geffken GR Reid A 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(7):1073-1083
The goal of the current study was to determine the extent to which the perceived self-regulation deficits across behavioral,
cognitive, and emotional domains seen in children with ADHD explain the association between the severity of ADHD symptoms
and parenting stress. Participants for this study included 80 children (mean age = 10 years, 9 months) with a DSM-IV diagnosis
of ADHD confirmed by a comprehensive clinical diagnostic assessment. Parents reported their own stress levels as well as the
severity of their children’s ADHD symptoms, aggression, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties. Results
indicated that the severity of children’s hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms but not their inattention related to parenting
stress. Multiple mediational analyses indicated that the association between hyperactivity/impulsivity and parenting stress
was explained by children’s perceived comorbid aggression levels, emotional lability, and executive functioning difficulties.
No significant differences in the strength of the mediators were found. The current study provides initial data showing that
the perceived impairments in children’s self-regulation across emotional, cognitive, and behavioral domains are what parents
report as stressful, not simply the severity of ADHD symptoms. Due to the cross-sectional nature of this study and shared
variance from relying solely on parent report, it will be critical for future research to replicate our findings using longitudinal
and multi-informant data such as teacher reports and standardized assessments. 相似文献