市民人格特征及其与心理健康的关系研究

为探讨南京市民人格特征及其与心理健康的关系,对南京市民进行抽样调查。结果显示南京市民的人格特征较一般人群更外向,掩饰程度较高;性别、年龄、职业以及文化程度与人格特征存在一定关系;不同人格类型的市民心理健康水平不同;年龄、情绪稳定性及内外向性对心理健康有预测作用。     

The role of blood pressure, cortisol, and prolactine among soldiers injured in the 1991–1993 war in Croatia

Ninety soldiers with at least three months of combat exposure—60 injured soldiers (30 with permanent disabling and 30 with nondisabling injuries), 30 noninjured soldiers and 30 healthy controls—were interviewed and investigated with physiological (Prolactine, Cortisol, BP, Hb) and psychological tests (MMPI), IES-15 (Impact of Event Scale), PTSS (Post-Traumatic Symptom Scale). Their was related injuries had a different effect on the physiological stress response of the soldiers as reflected in the levels of prolactine, cortisol, hemoglobin and blood pressure. In a report of personality characteristics of the same soldiers, we demonstrated that the experience of posttraumatic stress was not dependent upon physical injury, but rather on the psychological appraisal of the situation. The results of the present article confirm earlier findings that the relationship between physiological and psychological consequences of trauma are complex, and that the perception of an event and the social context within which the traumatized soldier exists is as important as the event itself. The physiological response to the trauma varied greatly among the soldiers regarding the psychosocial impact of the consequence of the injury. So the anticipation of future possible trauma among less severely wounded soldiers (expected to go back to war) was followed by pathological stress responses. Trauma seems to operate somewhat independently from the overt conscious appraisal of the situation and relationship between psychological, psychosocial, and physiological aspects are interrelated in a multifactorial way. An integrative approach is therefore of great importance in assessment as well as in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Editorial Note This historical article is being published for the first time. It is based on the Ph.D. thesis of Dr. Harry A. Teitelbaum for which he was awarded a doctorate by the University of Maryland in College Park in 1936. The dissertation was stored prior to publication and was not rediscovered until 1997. Teitelbaum’s work was performed during the early days of the development of knowledge regarding the mechanisms that regulate endocrine function. The understanding of the broad capability of interactions among endocrine glands was evolving. It was a field that Teitelbaum contributed to for several years, many of which were spent in collaboration with Horsley Gantt in his laboratory at Johns Hopkins. Although some of the experimental strategies and some of the wording of the report seem quaint today, the contribution of Teitelbaum’s research was solid and highly relevant to questions being asked at the time.     

An empirical couple typology based on differentiation

Both spouses of 100 married, heterosexual couples completed the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS-Q). A cluster analysis of the couples' scores on the four intimacy and fusion scales of the PAFS-Q produced four clusters that were meaningfully distinct in the patterns of differentiation of the wives and husbands. Couples comprising these clusters are described in terms of intergenerational theories of family interaction.This paper is based on the master's thesis of the first author submitted to the Graduate School of Texas Woman's University. A presentation based on this work was given at the 1988 annual convention of the Southwestern Psychological Association, Tulsa, Oklahoma. The authors thank Glenda Peters and Joe Natale for their contributions to the preparation of this paper. A more extensive report of the methodology and results of this study can be obtained from the second author.     

閃光信号的頻率选择实驗研究

一、問題 在現代生产技术中,人和机器可以看作是一个統一的系統。这一系統的中心环节是人。人凭借自己的感官从仪表和信号得到有关机器的运轉状态和生产过程的变化的信息,經过一系列的思惟活动,然后作出判断,并通过操作活动对机器和生产过程进行控制和調节。关于人和机器的这一方面的关系,以及关于机器、仪表、信号和操纵装置的設計如何适应人的感知、思惟和运动的特点,以便使“人机系統”达到最高效率的研究,已經形成一个新的学科分支,即“工程心理学”。本研究所涉及的閃光信号的頻率选择問題,就是属于工程心理学的范围。     

关于汉語拼音方案中的省略字和一些变化規則的研究

一、汉語拼音方案的科学性及优越性 汉語拼音方案是利用拉丁字母和北京音組織起来的中国化的文字的基础。汉語拼音字母中的复韵母和鼻韵母是由两个或两个以上的单韵母組成的。除开带ng的鼻韵母本身較难拼音之外其余的复韵母本身都可以进行拼音的。所以在拼音字母中,只要掌握26个(实际应用是25个)名称音的字母之后,其余的复韵母和鼻韵母几乎都可以利用邏輯記忆     

药品带量采购的阻力、压力与垄断力问题探讨

带量采购是深化三医联动改革的重要尝试,药品集采作为医保改革的抓手试图撬动医疗及医药领域改革,为持续推进医疗卫生制度改革走向深入带来一线曙光。带量采购政策本质上涉及不同利益的再分配,藉由政府宏观调控及微观规制手段,最终实现药价降低、群众普惠的效果。基于对带量采购的理论分析及目前试点过程中存在的阻力、压力与垄断力问题,提出平衡理念为带量采购助推三医联动改革走向深远提供了一种思路。

     

表象测量方法述评

表象测量在训练领域广泛应用,也是训练成败的关键环节.表象测量方法可分为口头报告纸笔法、实验操作法,以及神经科学技术共三种方法.其中纸笔报告法以量表测量为主,包括Betts量表、视觉表象清晰度量表及其修订版和运动表象清晰度量表及其修订版;实验操作法以心理旋转为基本范式;神经科学技术主要以经颅磁刺激和功能磁共振成像为主,测量多种表象过程中不同脑区兴奋性.三者各有优劣,均有待提高和改进.     

研究者发起的临床研究之伦理跟踪审查探究

随着近年来中国临床研究的快速增长,研究者发起的临床研究(IIT)成为关注热点,而IIT的伦理跟踪审查是伦理委员会工作的一个薄弱环节。文章从政策支持不足、审查标准差异、伦理培训欠缺、工作量大而缺乏激励措施以及缺乏信息平台5个方面对IIT伦理跟踪审查的难点进行阐述,并从规范顶层设计、规范伦理跟踪审查程序、提高研究者伦理自律、加强伦理委员会建设和搭建伦理信息平台5个方面提出了应对措施,以规范IIT的伦理跟踪审查工作,促进受试者权益的维护。