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121.
科学假说在揭示嗅觉奥秘中的作用——解读2004年度诺贝尔医学奖 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
通过分析2004年诺贝尔医学奖的发现过程,揭示假说对科学研究的指导意义。只有勤观察,多思考,大胆假设,小心求证,才能揭示自然规律。 相似文献
122.
Comparisons of the Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide Constructs Among Individuals Without Suicidality,Ideators, Planners,and Attempters
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The Interpersonal–Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) proposes that combinations of thwarted belongingness, perceived burdensomeness, and acquired capability lead to suicide ideation, planning, and attempting. We compared individuals with and without suicidality on thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness, and compared a combined group of planners and attempters to ideators on fearlessness about death (one component of acquired capability). Individuals with suicidality had higher thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness than individuals without suicidality. Planners and attempters did not have higher fearlessness about death than ideators. These findings partially support IPTS hypotheses. Assessing thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness may improve suicide risk determination. 相似文献
123.
Connecting Eating Pathology with Risk for Engaging in Suicidal Behavior: The Mediating Role of Experiential Avoidance
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Kayla D. Skinner MA Sasha M. Rojas BA Jennifer C. Veilleux PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(1):3-13
Individuals with eating pathology, particularly those with diagnosed eating disorders, are at high risk for suicide. It is less clear whether undiagnosed eating pathology and subsyndromal eating disorders carry the same risk and, if so, what mechanisms may explain why higher levels of eating pathology yield greater risk for engaging in suicidal behaviors. The indirect relationship between disordered eating and risk for suicidal behaviors via facets of experiential avoidance was tested using a multiple‐mediator model. The model was tested using bootstrapping estimates of indirect effects in a sample of 218 noncollege student adults (Mage = 32.33, 66.1% women) with a history of suicidal attempt and/or history of nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Results revealed that disordered eating indirectly predicted risk for suicidal behaviors, distress aversion (i.e., negative attitudes or dislike of distress), and procrastination (i.e., delaying engagement with distressing activities). Results suggest that targeting experiential avoidance and helping those who have a history of engaging in suicidal behaviors and/or NSSI develop regulation strategies to use during times of distress may be of utmost importance for treatment and prevention of eating pathology. 相似文献
124.
The Quadratic Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Suicide Ideation: A Nonlinear Analysis of Indirect Effects
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Kelly L. Zuromski MS Ian Cero MA Tracy K. Witte PhD Peng Zeng PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2017,47(2):155-167
A nonlinear indirect effects framework was used to investigate potential interpersonal indirect effects (i.e., perceived burden and thwarted belonging) accounting for the nonlinear relationship between body mass index (BMI) and suicide ideation. Using a sample of 338 undergraduates, results revealed a significant quadratic effect of BMI on suicide ideation via perceived burden only, which became significant as BMI fell below 18.00 kg/m2 and above 28.00 kg/m2. Our results provide novel information relevant for suicide risk screening in the context of weight‐ and health‐related interventions and provide justification for future longitudinal trials assessing suicide risk across the BMI spectrum. 相似文献
125.
Tatjana Sivik MD Ph.D. MA Domagoj Delimar MD Patricia Korenjak MD Natasa Delimar Ph.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1997,32(4):364-372
Ninety soldiers with at least three months of combat exposure—60 injured soldiers (30 with permanent disabling and 30 with
nondisabling injuries), 30 noninjured soldiers and 30 healthy controls—were interviewed and investigated with physiological
(Prolactine, Cortisol, BP, Hb) and psychological tests (MMPI), IES-15 (Impact of Event Scale), PTSS (Post-Traumatic Symptom
Scale). Their was related injuries had a different effect on the physiological stress response of the soldiers as reflected
in the levels of prolactine, cortisol, hemoglobin and blood pressure.
In a report of personality characteristics of the same soldiers, we demonstrated that the experience of posttraumatic stress
was not dependent upon physical injury, but rather on the psychological appraisal of the situation. The results of the present
article confirm earlier findings that the relationship between physiological and psychological consequences of trauma are
complex, and that the perception of an event and the social context within which the traumatized soldier exists is as important
as the event itself. The physiological response to the trauma varied greatly among the soldiers regarding the psychosocial
impact of the consequence of the injury. So the anticipation of future possible trauma among less severely wounded soldiers
(expected to go back to war) was followed by pathological stress responses. Trauma seems to operate somewhat independently
from the overt conscious appraisal of the situation and relationship between psychological, psychosocial, and physiological
aspects are interrelated in a multifactorial way. An integrative approach is therefore of great importance in assessment as
well as in treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).
Editorial Note This historical article is being published for the first time. It is based on the Ph.D. thesis of Dr. Harry
A. Teitelbaum for which he was awarded a doctorate by the University of Maryland in College Park in 1936. The dissertation
was stored prior to publication and was not rediscovered until 1997. Teitelbaum’s work was performed during the early days
of the development of knowledge regarding the mechanisms that regulate endocrine function. The understanding of the broad
capability of interactions among endocrine glands was evolving. It was a field that Teitelbaum contributed to for several
years, many of which were spent in collaboration with Horsley Gantt in his laboratory at Johns Hopkins. Although some of the
experimental strategies and some of the wording of the report seem quaint today, the contribution of Teitelbaum’s research
was solid and highly relevant to questions being asked at the time. 相似文献
126.
Both spouses of 100 married, heterosexual couples completed the Personal Authority in the Family System Questionnaire (PAFS-Q). A cluster analysis of the couples' scores on the four intimacy and fusion scales of the PAFS-Q produced four clusters that were meaningfully distinct in the patterns of differentiation of the wives and husbands. Couples comprising these clusters are described in terms of intergenerational theories of family interaction.This paper is based on the master's thesis of the first author submitted to the Graduate School of Texas Woman's University. A presentation based on this work was given at the 1988 annual convention of the Southwestern Psychological Association, Tulsa, Oklahoma. The authors thank Glenda Peters and Joe Natale for their contributions to the preparation of this paper. A more extensive report of the methodology and results of this study can be obtained from the second author. 相似文献
127.
一、問題 在現代生产技术中,人和机器可以看作是一个統一的系統。这一系統的中心环节是人。人凭借自己的感官从仪表和信号得到有关机器的运轉状态和生产过程的变化的信息,經过一系列的思惟活动,然后作出判断,并通过操作活动对机器和生产过程进行控制和調节。关于人和机器的这一方面的关系,以及关于机器、仪表、信号和操纵装置的設計如何适应人的感知、思惟和运动的特点,以便使“人机系統”达到最高效率的研究,已經形成一个新的学科分支,即“工程心理学”。本研究所涉及的閃光信号的頻率选择問題,就是属于工程心理学的范围。 相似文献
128.
一、汉語拼音方案的科学性及优越性 汉語拼音方案是利用拉丁字母和北京音組織起来的中国化的文字的基础。汉語拼音字母中的复韵母和鼻韵母是由两个或两个以上的单韵母組成的。除开带ng的鼻韵母本身較难拼音之外其余的复韵母本身都可以进行拼音的。所以在拼音字母中,只要掌握26个(实际应用是25个)名称音的字母之后,其余的复韵母和鼻韵母几乎都可以利用邏輯記忆 相似文献
129.
老子哲学的最大特征是对现实的批判性反思,这种反思植根于他对历史的深切认识、对其生活时代虚假的社会礼俗的反感与厌倦,由此表现为对个体主观自由的认同和追求,表现为对个人道德的重视和强调。这种反思在语言层面上被赋予“正言若反”的特征,最终落实为“无”的形上体认。如此恰似苏格拉底开启的反讽传统。从反讽的立场可见老子哲学的世界品格。 相似文献
130.
Media recommendations on suicide reporting are available in many countries and in different languages. Hong Kong newspapers have been found to be noncompliant with WHO recommendations. A booklet containing WHO media guidelines Preventing Suicide: A Resource for Media Professionals, and an awareness campaign were launched in November 2004 in Hong Kong. Content analysis was then conducted to compare the reporting of suicide news before and after the launch. Results indicate that certain reporting styles were changed in accordance with the recommendations; namely, lessened use of pictorial presentations and headlines mentioning suicides. Most of the changes were attributed to the tabloid‐style newspapers. This study suggests that programs to promote media recommendations tailored for journalists appear to be efficacious in altering their way of reporting. 相似文献