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61.
This study examined middle school students' reading motivation and its relations to their performance on a standardized test (ISTEP+) in reading. Participants included 388 sixth- and eighth-grade students from two public middle schools. There were 229 females and 159 males. Participants responded to the Reading Motivation Questionnaire after they had completed the ISTEP+ test. Results showed that students who had high self-efficacy in their reading, read challenging material, and read for aesthetic enjoyment did better on the ISTEP+ test. Students who read mostly for social reasons did poorly on the ISTEP+ test. Grade, gender, and racial differences were found. 相似文献
62.
Alyssa S. Meuwissen Jacob E. Anderson Philip David Zelazo 《Behavior research methods》2017,49(3):960-966
The Developmental Emotional Faces Stimulus Set (DEFSS) is designed to provide a standardized set of emotional stimuli that includes both child and adult faces and that has been validated by participants across a wide range of ages. This article describes the creation and validation of the DEFSS, which includes 404 validated facial photographs of people between 8 and 30 years old displaying five different emotional expressions: happy, angry, fearful, sad, and neutral. The emotions in all photographs were identified correctly by 86 % of the raters (minimum 55 %), and validity did not vary as a function of the age group of the model or of the raters, indicating that the pictures are equally appropriate for use across the entire age range. Strengths and limitations of the DEFSS are discussed. 相似文献
63.
Teaching young children to make accurate portion size estimations using a stimulus equivalence paradigm 下载免费PDF全文
Nicole L. Hausman John C. Borrero Alyssa Fisher SungWoo Kahng 《Behavioral Interventions》2017,32(2):121-132
The prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents has increased over the past four decades. Obesity can be conceptualized as a problem related to energy balance, where more energy is consumed than is expended through physical activity. One way that children may have a positive energy balance is through the overconsumption of foods (i.e., eating large portion sizes). Therefore, interventions that teach children to make accurate portion size estimations may be important to maintain overall health. In the current study, seven children between the ages of 4 and 7 years were taught to make accurate portion size estimations using a stimulus equivalence paradigm. Results suggested that the stimulus equivalence paradigm was effective in teaching five of seven participants to make more accurate portion size estimations during posttraining. Furthermore, five of seven participants estimated the target portion size of a novel food during extension sessions. These findings extend the current literature related to teaching children to make accurate portion size estimations. Although this was a translational study, results might help to inform existing nutrition education programs aimed at teaching children healthier eating habits. 相似文献
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65.
Keefer L Kiebles JL Martinovich Z Cohen E Van Denburg A Barrett TA 《Behaviour research and therapy》2011,49(3):145-150
Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBDs) are chronic, relapsing and remitting gastrointestinal conditions with no known cure. Previous studies have linked behavioral factors, including stress and medication adherence, to relapse.
Purpose
We sought to determine the effect of participation in a behavioral self-management program on incidence of flare within 12 months following behavioral intervention when compared to the natural history of flare incidence prior to program participation.Results
Results from a 2-level regression model indicated that those participants in the treatment group were 57% less likely to flare in the following 12 months (compared to 18% in the control group). The decline in “flare odds” was about 2 times greater in treatment versus controls (OR = 0.52, t(34) = 2.07, p < 0.05). Office visits, ER visits, and disease severity (all p < 0.05) were identified as moderators of flare risk.Conclusions
We have demonstrated 1) a statistical model estimating the likelihood of flare rates in the 12 months following a behavioral intervention for IBD (compared to a control condition), and 2) that the introduction of a behavioral intervention can alter the natural course of a chronic, relapsing and remitting gastrointestinal condition such as IBD. 相似文献66.
Marc Eric S. Reyes Roger D. Davis Patricia Mikaela L. Dacanay Anton Stephen B. Antonio Justin Seann R. Beltran Marivic D. Chuang Alyssa Lynn I. Leoncito 《Psychological studies》2017,62(3):284-290
Minority group members experience what is known as “minority stress,” by which individuals suffer stress because of their membership in stigmatized social categories. In turn, minority stress may lead to self-stigmatization. This occurs when minority group members experience a sense of shame created by the view of the majority culture and then incorporate the majority opinion into their self-image. Because it is cumulative with the stress an individual is already experiencing, self-stigmatization may become a significant stressor itself, possibly contributing to the development of suicidal ideation. A total of 609 self-identified LGBT individuals were asked to answer a battery of psychological tests to assess the interrelationships between self-stigma, perceived stress, and suicidal ideation. As expected, perceived stress predicted suicidal ideation, whereas self-stigmatization predicted both perceived stress and suicidal ideation. Structural equation modeling confirms the predictive value of self-stigma together with perceived stress in determining the suicidal ideation present among LGBT Filipinos. Self-stigma exerted a direct effect upon suicidal ideation not accounted for by perceived stress. 相似文献
67.
Alyssa N. Zucker Abigail J. Stewart Cynthia S. Pomerleau Carol J. Boyd 《Sex roles》2005,53(3-4):261-272
Gender is one of the social structures, along with social class and ethnicity, that shapes women's smoking behaviors. We examined
how different responses to gender pressures (internalization and resistance) relate to smoking. We analyzed data from a national
random digit dial survey of 945 women and found that never smokers scored high on resistance to gender pressure (indicated
by high scores on feminist consciousness) and on education and Body Mass Index; current smokers had the reverse pattern. Ex-smokers
scored high on one measure of resistance (advertising skepticism) and on two measures of internalization (embodied femininity
and weight concern); they were also likely to have high household income and to be European American. Results are discussed
in terms of their implications for smoking cessation programs and antismoking campaigns. 相似文献
68.
Alyssa Banford Witting Jessica Lambert Thulitha Wickrama 《International journal of psychology》2019,54(1):126-134
The data for this study were collected in 2014 from widows in Eastern Sri Lanka whose spouses died in the civil war, tsunami, or from health‐related problems. Conservation of resources (COR) theory was used as a lens to examine the extent to which war and tsunami‐related damages and family problems predict variation in social support, family adjustment and a perception of self‐efficacy in caring for one's family as reported by widowed women. We also investigated whether social support from the community and social support from family and friends mediated those relationships. Results of a path model fit to the data suggested variation in family adjustment to be negatively predicted by war‐related family problems and positively predicted by the social support of friends and family. Additionally, a sense of self‐efficacy in caring for one's family was found to be inversely predicted by war‐related family problems and tsunami damages. Clinical, social and theoretical implications are discussed as well as directions for further research. 相似文献
69.
Economic stress greatly increases the likelihood of mental health issues occurring within a family. Although this is widely
known within the mental health profession, there is a lack of literature that assists therapists in working effectively with
low-income clients. As a result, marriage and family therapists may be ill equipped to meet the needs of those in poverty,
and may even be conducting therapy that is ethically unsound. The authors of this article discuss several ethical and professional
issues regarding therapy with families in poverty. A number of suggestions are presented for improving the effectiveness of
therapy with low-income clients.
Michele E. Grimes and Alyssa D. McElwain are masters students in Marriage and Family Therapy at Purdue University Calumet,
Hammond, IN.
Michele E. Grimes and Alyssa D. McElwain contributed equally to this article. 相似文献
70.
The authors asked 52 college students (38 women, 14 men, M age = 19.3 years, SD = 1.3 years) to identify their personality summaries by using a computer-generated astrological natal chart when presented with 1 true summary and 1 bogus one. Similarly, the authors asked participants to identify their true personality profile from real and bogus summaries that the authors derived from the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI; P. T. Costa Jr. & R. R. McCrae, 1985). Participants identified their real NEO-FFI profiles at a greater-than-chance level but were unable to identify their real astrological summaries. The authors observed a P. T. Barnum effect in the accuracy ratings of both psychological and astrological measures but did not find differences between the odd-numbered (i.e., favorable) signs and the even-numbered (i.e., unfavorable) signs. 相似文献