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981.
Hagedoorn M Van Yperen NW Coyne JC van Jaarsveld CH Ranchor AV van Sonderen E Sanderman R 《Psychology and aging》2006,21(3):611-620
The association between marital status and distress was examined in a largely neglected group, namely older people (65 and older; N = 1,649). In this 2-wave study, married persons were less distressed than single persons, but perceived equity within the marriage and recency of bereavement qualified these findings. Married persons who felt inequitably treated were more distressed than persons who had always been single. Married persons reported less distress than recently (= 2 years ago) widowed persons, but only equitably treated married persons reported less distress than persons widowed for more than 2 years. Increased distress between the 2 waves occurred in recently widowed persons, and there was a decrease in distress in persons who were widowed shortly before the 1st wave. No gender effects were found. 相似文献
982.
People integrate the features of perceived events and of action plans, as well as of episodic stimulus—response relations,
intoevent files. We investigated whether the management of event files, and particularly the speed of updating the binding between the task-relevant
stimulus feature and the response, correlates with fluid intelligence. Indeed, the performance of participants scoring high
on Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices test was less impaired by a mismatch between the stimulus—response relation in the
current and the previous trial. This result suggests that high intelligence is accompanied by a higher degree of flexibility
in handling event files—that is, by higher efficiency in updating episodic representations. 相似文献
983.
There is an ongoing debate about how best to conceptualize the unconscious. Early psychodynamic views employed theories influenced by physics to explain clinical material, while subsequent cognitivist views relied on computational models of the mind to explain laboratory data. More recently, advances in cognitive-affective neuroscience have provided new insights into the workings of unconscious cognition and affect. We briefly review some of this recent work and its clinical implications. 相似文献
984.
The authors show how the use of inequality constraints on parameters in structural equation models may affect the distribution of the likelihood ratio test. Inequality constraints are implicitly used in the testing of commonly applied structural equation models, such as the common factor model, the autoregressive model, and the latent growth curve model, although this is not commonly acknowledged. Such constraints are the result of the null hypothesis in which the parameter value or values are placed on the boundary of the parameter space. For instance, this occurs in testing whether the variance of a growth parameter is significantly different from 0. It is shown that in these cases, the asymptotic distribution of the chi-square difference cannot be treated as that of a central chi-square-distributed random variable with degrees of freedom equal to the number of constraints. The correct distribution for testing 1 or a few parameters at a time is inferred for the 3 structural equation models mentioned above. Subsequently, the authors describe and illustrate the steps that one should take to obtain this distribution. An important message is that using the correct distribution may lead to appreciably greater statistical power. 相似文献
985.
Puryear M Weissman G Watson M Mann M Strickland B van Dyck PC 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2006,12(4):288-292
Newborn screening and genetic technologies are expanding and changing rapidly, increasing the demand for genetic specialty services. Because of the scarcity and geographic maldistribution of genetic specialty services, access to these services is a critical issue. This article discusses some of the efforts initiated by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau of the Health Resources and Services Administration, particularly the establishment of regional genetic and newborn screening collaboratives to improve access to these services and expertise. 相似文献
986.
van Nooten J Oh H Pierce B Koning FJ Jadad AR 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2006,60(4):387-394
A systematic review was undertaken of the literature on the use of the Internet and other information and communication technologies (ICT's) in the provision and support of religious and spiritual care in healthcare. Indexes such as Medline, PsychoINFO and Proquest Religion were searched. The review found little systematic study of the effectiveness of the Internet and other ICT's in religious and spiritual care. It is believed that the results of this review provide a basis for promise spiri care in the further explora of the potential and of ICT's for tual healthcare. 相似文献
987.
This study investigated in 2 experiments whether reflexive cuing of attention that occurs after perception of a gaze cue is greater for fearful than for happy faces in normal participants, as hypothesized from a social neuroscience perspective. To increase neuroecological validity, dynamic stimulus presentation was used to display faces that simultaneously morphed from a neutral expression into a happy or fearful one and shifted eye gaze from the center to the periphery. Shifts of attention resulting from a natural fearful gaze were expected to be related to participants' anxiety traits, in agreement with the often found increased selective attention to threat in anxious participants. Both hypotheses were confirmed: Fearful faces induced stronger gaze cuing than happy faces, and the strength of this cuing effect was correlated to participants' anxiety levels. These results suggest a neural network, which integrates the processing of gaze, expression, and emotional states to adaptively prime vigilance under threatening circumstances. 相似文献
988.
Motives for UV exposure have been shown to be related to appearance concerns, yet little research has examined specific tan appearance attitudes. Given this lacuna, Study 1 involved the identification of six factors among college female tanners: general attractiveness, media influence, family/friends influence, physical fitness appearance, acne reasons, and skin aging concerns. In Study 2, a separate sample of college female tanners were used to validate a higher order factor model, which demonstrated acceptable fit. Additionally, the factors converged in the expected directions, with the general attractiveness and skin aging concerns being the best correlate of UV exposure and sun-protection intentions. The relevance of these findings to skin cancer prevention is discussed. 相似文献
989.
In psychological experiments involving multiple trials, the order in which individual trials are presented to participants
influences the results obtained. For this reason, experimenters often create carefully constrained experimental lists or check
randomly generated lists to avoid known causes of order artifacts (e.g., short-term stimulus or response repetition). Creating
appropriately structured pseudorandom lists can be a difficult and time-consuming task in generating psychological experiments.
Mix is a Windows program that can generate pseudorandomized orders according to complex, user-specified constraints. Mix can
be used to generate a novel item order for each individual participant, even for complex experiments in which stimulus and/or
response repetition is an experimental variable of interest, or for which automated randomization would not normally be possible.
The program also contains a number of other practical features for generating files for use with a variety of experiment control
software. A Mix executable for Windows, a complete manual, and terms of use are available at www.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/personal/maarten.van-casteren/Mix.htm.
Use is limited to academic or other nonprofit applications. 相似文献
990.
Sexually functional (N=26) and sexually dysfunctional heterosexual men with psychogenic erectile disorder (N=23) viewed two sexually explicit videos. Performance demand was manipulated through verbal instruction that a substantial genital response was to be expected from the videos. Self-focused attention was manipulated by introducing a camera pointed at the participant. Dispositional self-consciousness was assessed by questionnaire. Performance demand was found to independently inhibit the genital response. No main effect of self-focus was found. Self-focus inhibited genital response in men scoring high on general and sexual self-consciousness traits, whereas it enhanced penile tumescence in low self-conscious men. Inhibition effects were found in both volunteers and patients. No interaction effects of performance demand and self-focus were found. Subjective sexual arousal in sexually functional men was highest in the self-focus condition. In sexually dysfunctional men, subjective sexual response proved dependent on locus of attention as well as presentation order. 相似文献