Phonological awareness in young Chinese children

Two studies explored the nature of phonological awareness (PA) in Chinese. In Study 1, involving 146 children, awareness of phoneme onset did not differ from chance levels at ages 3-5 years in preschool but increased to 70% correct in first grade, when children first received phonological coding (Pinyin) instruction. Similarly, tone awareness was at better than chance levels from second year kindergarten (age 4), but increased strongly and significantly in first grade to 74% accuracy. In contrast, syllable and rime awareness increased gradually and steadily across ages 3-6 years. Patterns suggest different influences of age and literacy instruction for different PA levels. In Study 2, involving 202 preschoolers, variance in Chinese character recognition was best explained by tasks of syllable awareness, tone awareness, and speeded naming. Findings underscore the unique importance of both tone and syllable for early character acquisition in Chinese children.     

论庄子“万物一齐”的生态审美观

当先秦诸子大都以人的理解为中心去看待人与自然万物的存在方式,认为万物只是相对于人来说才具有存在的价值和意义时,庄子站在古典存在论的立场上提出了含有生态审美智慧的“万物一齐”观,即“休乎天钧”的生态和谐理念、“为是不用而寓诸庸”的生态价值观念、“万物与我为一”的生态共生气象。其“万物一齐”的生态审美观所蕴涵的万物平等共生、放弃自我中心、无用之用等观念有助于当代的生态伦理和生态实践建设。     

吏员制度起源考

官员与吏员是官僚队伍的重要组成部分,二者的根本区别在于前者由最高统治者直接任命,后者由各级官员自行聘用。吏员制度形成于战国至秦汉时期,萌芽于先秦时期。从任命方式来看,吏员制起源于西周时期的府、史、胥、徒制度;从职能来看,吏员制度与先秦史官制度之间有内在的密切联系。     

论“逻辑在先”的哲学意义

黑格尔曾经指出要进入并研究哲学"需要一种特殊的能力和技巧"[1];柏格森更为明确地讲"研究哲学,就在于扭转思想活动的习惯方向."[2]进而言之,这一扭转乃是进人哲学研究的"门槛",只有跨越了这一门槛,才有可能登堂入室.这一门槛就是:从时间在先转向逻辑在先.     

Measurement of self-evaluative motives: a shopping scenario

To develop measures of consumers' self-evaluative motives of Self-verification, Self-enhancement, and Self-improvement within the context of a mall shopping environment, an initial set of 49 items was generated by conducting three focus-group sessions. These items were subsequently converted into shopping-dependent motive statements. 250 undergraduate college students responded on a 7-point scale to each statement as these related to the acquisition of recent personal shopping goods. An exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors, accounting for 57.7% of the variance, three of which corresponded to the Self-verification motive (five items), Self-enhancement motive (three items), and Self-improvement motive (six items). These 14 items, along with 9 reconstructed items, yielded 23 items retained and subjected to additional testing. In a final round of data collection, 169 college students provided data for exploratory factor analysis. 11 items were used in confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis indicated that the 11-item scale adequately captured measures of the three self-evaluative motives. However, further data reduction produced a 9-item scale with marked improvement in statistical fit over the 11-item scale.     

出血性脑血管病介入治疗进展

出血性脑血管病的介入栓塞治疗由于血管内辅助技术与各种栓塞材料的综合应用取得快速发展,主要有以下三个方面：（1）生物修饰弹簧圈、封堵球囊和支架技术的应用使复杂颅内动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能;（2）非粘附性液体栓塞剂的应用提高了脑动静脉畸形和硬脑膜动静脉瘘的单纯栓塞治愈率;（3）带膜支架在颅底部巨大动脉瘤和创伤性动静脉瘘取得开创性应用。     

Benti, practice and state: On the doctrine of mind in the four chapters of Guanzi

“Xin 心 (Mind)” is one of the key concepts in the four chapters of Guanzi. Together with Dao, qi 气 (air, or gas) and de 德 (virtue), the four concepts constitute a complete system of the learning of mind which is composed of the theory of benti 本体 (root and body), the theory of practice and the theory of spiritual state. Guanzi differentiates the two basic layers of mind—the essence and the function. It tries to attain a state of accumulated jing 精 (essence, anima) and nourished qi, in which qi is concentrated in a miraculous way, through a series of methods of mind cultivation and nurturing, including being upright, calm, tranquil and moderate, and to concentrate the mind and intention. The doctrine of mind of the four chapters of Guanzi influenced Daoism and Confucianism and is a key link in the history of Chinese thought. It is a prelude to the merger of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism.     

试论阿奎那特指质料学说的变革性质及其神哲学意义——兼论materia signata的中文翻译

阿奎那的特指质料学说对古希腊的质料学说不仅有所继承,而且也有所改造,是其自然哲学中乃至其整个神哲学体系中一项特别具有创意的内容。本文以阿奎那的原著为基础,在对其质料类型学和特指质料发生学做出比较深入分析的基础上,着重阐述了特指质料的实存论性质、生成机制和生成功能及其在基督宗教神学史上和西方哲学史上的学术意义,并对台湾学者对materia signata一词的中文翻译作了批评性考察。     

黄老之学天道环周与《黄帝内经》营卫运行理论的建构

通过对黄老之学中"天道环周"思想的内涵及其萌芽、发展和成熟的表述,以及《黄帝内经》中有关营卫运行的概括,分析两者在思维方式和理论构建等方面的相似性,"天道环周"对《黄帝内经》中营卫运行理论的形成具有重要影响.     

想象空间心理旋转的角色效应

第一人称角色心理旋转和第三人称角色心理旋转是人类视觉系统通常采用的两种不同的空间表征动力转换策略。该研究采用实验方法,对违背物理移动规律的两种角色水平面心理旋转进行对比性研究。实验结果表明,想象空间两种角色水平面心理旋转存在显著差异,第三人称角色心理旋转的优势可概括化于旋转轴物理方向与重力方向不一致的水平面心理旋转中。