自我-他人决策差异：问题、研究与思考

目前关于自我-他人决策差异的研究在采用的任务、得到的发现及理论解释上均存在诸多矛盾或不一致的地方, 且缺乏对此种现象深层心理机制的探讨。虽然一些研究者试图用心理距离假设来解释相关结果, 但由于对心理距离的实验操纵过于简单, 难以形成解释力较强的理论模型。近年来我们的一系列研究发现：得失情境下自我-他人决策差异存在不对称性; 直接操纵心理距离比操纵决策者角色和社会距离对诱发自我-他人决策差异更有效; 决策者个体的自尊水平影响自我-他人决策差异。未来的研究需要进一步探讨自我-他人心理距离的本质、决策者角色转换引起的心理距离变化及自我-他人决策差异的脑机制等问题。     

基于元认知的认知学习对动态能力影响的实证研究

通过实证研究勾勒出符合动态特征的元认知理论框架,提出构成元认知的6个要素,分别归为元认知策略、元认知调控和元认知知识三个维度.并借助结构方程模型重点分析了元认知、认知学习和动态能力的相关性,以及基于元认知的认知学习对动态能力演化的影响.     

Cohort trends in perceived Internet influence on political efficacy in Hong Kong.

The study explored overall and cohort-specific trends in Internet political efficacy from an age-period-cohort approach with a cross-sequential design. Perceived Internet influence on political efficacy is found to increase with age. Significant difference between Internet users and nonusers is also found in some cohorts. Online news reading and online chats/discussions have a positive impact in some cohorts.     

Phonological awareness in young Chinese children

Two studies explored the nature of phonological awareness (PA) in Chinese. In Study 1, involving 146 children, awareness of phoneme onset did not differ from chance levels at ages 3-5 years in preschool but increased to 70% correct in first grade, when children first received phonological coding (Pinyin) instruction. Similarly, tone awareness was at better than chance levels from second year kindergarten (age 4), but increased strongly and significantly in first grade to 74% accuracy. In contrast, syllable and rime awareness increased gradually and steadily across ages 3-6 years. Patterns suggest different influences of age and literacy instruction for different PA levels. In Study 2, involving 202 preschoolers, variance in Chinese character recognition was best explained by tasks of syllable awareness, tone awareness, and speeded naming. Findings underscore the unique importance of both tone and syllable for early character acquisition in Chinese children.     

出血性脑血管病介入治疗进展

出血性脑血管病的介入栓塞治疗由于血管内辅助技术与各种栓塞材料的综合应用取得快速发展,主要有以下三个方面：（1）生物修饰弹簧圈、封堵球囊和支架技术的应用使复杂颅内动脉瘤的介入治疗成为可能;（2）非粘附性液体栓塞剂的应用提高了脑动静脉畸形和硬脑膜动静脉瘘的单纯栓塞治愈率;（3）带膜支架在颅底部巨大动脉瘤和创伤性动静脉瘘取得开创性应用。     

Benti, practice and state: On the doctrine of mind in the four chapters of Guanzi

“Xin 心 (Mind)” is one of the key concepts in the four chapters of Guanzi. Together with Dao, qi 气 (air, or gas) and de 德 (virtue), the four concepts constitute a complete system of the learning of mind which is composed of the theory of benti 本体 (root and body), the theory of practice and the theory of spiritual state. Guanzi differentiates the two basic layers of mind—the essence and the function. It tries to attain a state of accumulated jing 精 (essence, anima) and nourished qi, in which qi is concentrated in a miraculous way, through a series of methods of mind cultivation and nurturing, including being upright, calm, tranquil and moderate, and to concentrate the mind and intention. The doctrine of mind of the four chapters of Guanzi influenced Daoism and Confucianism and is a key link in the history of Chinese thought. It is a prelude to the merger of Confucianism, Daoism and Buddhism.     

黄老之学天道环周与《黄帝内经》营卫运行理论的建构

通过对黄老之学中"天道环周"思想的内涵及其萌芽、发展和成熟的表述,以及《黄帝内经》中有关营卫运行的概括,分析两者在思维方式和理论构建等方面的相似性,"天道环周"对《黄帝内经》中营卫运行理论的形成具有重要影响.     

民间信仰对中国宗教发展的影响

民间信仰,虽以鬼神信仰和崇拜为核心,但由于它不完全具备宗教的基本要素,因此,按正统说法它不属于宗教。尽管如此,民间信仰在中国的影响不亚于宗教。它不仅渗入到了中国民众的日常生活,同时也影响了中国宗教的产生和发展。本文将从民间信仰对宗教神灵信仰、仪式、组织、教义四个方面的影响来论述它对中国宗教发展所起的作用。     

IRT中Logistic模型的c、γ参数对能力估计的改善

设计一个理想测验和被试作答情况,在单、双参数模型下进行能力估计,存在第一、二未契合现象;增加c参数后进行能力估计,则能有效纠正第一未契合现象,仍然存在第二未契合现象,同时存在第三未契合现象;增加γ参数后进行能力估计,则能有效纠正第二未契合现象,仍然存在第一未契合现象,同时存在第四未契合现象;同时增加c、γ参数后进行能力估计,则能有效纠正第一、二、三、四未契合现象。最后概述了c、γ参数的测量含义     

管理哲学的问题及其当代性

哲学对于管理而言,是不可或缺的。管理应是科学、哲学和艺术的“三位一体”。管理哲学就其本质特征和基本功能而言,乃是“对管理问题的哲学反思”。这种反思不仅仅在于“批判”,而且还在于积极的“建构”。在当今以科学管理理论为主流的现代管理学日渐暴露出种种弊端的情况下,如何寻找出一套适应当代复杂易变环境的管理理念和方法,便成为当代管理哲学研究的“中心问题”。这种新的管理理念以自组织、非平衡、共同进化为其基本原理,并以非线性思维、整体性思维、过程思维以及权变观为其基本方法。一管理哲学的本质特征及现实功能自然,像其他…