Parental Awareness and Monitoring of Adolescent Internet Use

This study focused on four aspects of parental monitoring of Internet use by their children: parental supervision, communication and tracking, and adolescent disclosure. Data were obtained from a SAFT (Safety Awareness for Teens Project) national survey of Singapore youths and parents regarding Internet safety at home. Study 1 examined 1,124 adolescents and 1,002 parents; Study 2 examined a subsample of 169 dyads of adolescents and their parents. Frequency of use and engagement in risky Internet behaviors such as visiting inappropriate websites were analysed. The results indicated that parents tend to underestimate adolescents’ engagement in risky Internet behaviors and overestimate the amount of parental monitoring regarding Internet safety that occurs at home. The study suggested that mothers have a better awareness of their adolescents’ Internet use than fathers. The findings were explained in the context of parental monitoring. The results suggest that parental monitoring needs to be reconceptualized and that parents need to improve the communication with their adolescents regarding Internet use.     

Cohort trends in perceived Internet influence on political efficacy in Hong Kong.

The study explored overall and cohort-specific trends in Internet political efficacy from an age-period-cohort approach with a cross-sequential design. Perceived Internet influence on political efficacy is found to increase with age. Significant difference between Internet users and nonusers is also found in some cohorts. Online news reading and online chats/discussions have a positive impact in some cohorts.     

Phonological awareness in young Chinese children

Two studies explored the nature of phonological awareness (PA) in Chinese. In Study 1, involving 146 children, awareness of phoneme onset did not differ from chance levels at ages 3-5 years in preschool but increased to 70% correct in first grade, when children first received phonological coding (Pinyin) instruction. Similarly, tone awareness was at better than chance levels from second year kindergarten (age 4), but increased strongly and significantly in first grade to 74% accuracy. In contrast, syllable and rime awareness increased gradually and steadily across ages 3-6 years. Patterns suggest different influences of age and literacy instruction for different PA levels. In Study 2, involving 202 preschoolers, variance in Chinese character recognition was best explained by tasks of syllable awareness, tone awareness, and speeded naming. Findings underscore the unique importance of both tone and syllable for early character acquisition in Chinese children.     

Measurement of self-evaluative motives: a shopping scenario

To develop measures of consumers' self-evaluative motives of Self-verification, Self-enhancement, and Self-improvement within the context of a mall shopping environment, an initial set of 49 items was generated by conducting three focus-group sessions. These items were subsequently converted into shopping-dependent motive statements. 250 undergraduate college students responded on a 7-point scale to each statement as these related to the acquisition of recent personal shopping goods. An exploratory factor analysis yielded five factors, accounting for 57.7% of the variance, three of which corresponded to the Self-verification motive (five items), Self-enhancement motive (three items), and Self-improvement motive (six items). These 14 items, along with 9 reconstructed items, yielded 23 items retained and subjected to additional testing. In a final round of data collection, 169 college students provided data for exploratory factor analysis. 11 items were used in confirmatory factor analysis. Analysis indicated that the 11-item scale adequately captured measures of the three self-evaluative motives. However, further data reduction produced a 9-item scale with marked improvement in statistical fit over the 11-item scale.     

化疗导致卵巢功能损害防护研究的进展

卵巢功能损害和早衰是女性恶性肿瘤患者进行化疗后常见的一个重要远期并发症,尤其对于育龄期和幼龄期的患者,化疗所造成卵巢功能的损害而引起的早绝经和不孕会严重影响她们的自尊和生活质量,本文从认识论的观点,阐述对化疗造成卵巢功能损害进行防护的有关研究进展。     

关于进化论的生命科学质疑

现代科学远未弄清楚生命是什么,所以,肯定生命是偶然生成的观点是不符合时代的科学精神的。遗传变异不能产生新的物种,也没有证据表明基因突变导致生物进化产生了新物种。按照小群突变的新达尔文主义来推断人类进化,既缺乏事实根据,也有悖于逻辑推理。     

从手术签字审视医疗活动中道德与法律之冲突

手术签字不应成为实施手术的必要条件,手术治疗及其他医疗活动中道德与法律之冲突有其产生的理论和现实根源,其实质是利益冲突。合情不合法与合法不合情是道德与法律冲突的两种具体情形。单纯的道德谴责或责任追究无助于,中突的解决,完善法律、提升道德、调适利益是避免及减少冲突的有效途径。     

酒依赖与酒文化

在医疗过程中,无法取得患者的同意时,通常由他人代其做出同意。但是,代为同意人在代为做出同意时,必须以患者本人的最佳利益为原则。在判断患者的最佳利益时,可以借鉴英国《心智能力法2005》的规定,通过对诸因素的评估,来综合决定何谓患者的最佳利益。我国在制订和修改代为同意的相关规定时,应该考虑如何借鉴英国的规定,制订符合我国国情的代为同意制度。     

新型农村合作医疗制度创新测度指标体系研究

为了对新型农村合作医疗制度创新状况进行客观、准确的测度,在汲取有关公共服务创新理论的基础上,结合新型农村合作医疗制度创新状况,探索构建新型农村合作医疗制度创新测度指标体系,以促进新型农村合作医疗绩效的提高。     

近年高等中医院校师承教育试点班研究

中医院校教育改革已经开始注重中医特色和优势,部分学校在中医专业恢复师承教育,开办试点班。试点班以中医课程为主,培养方向是中医特色临床。在师承教育试点班里,已经把纯中医人才和中西医结合人才的培养相对分开。恢复师承教育试点班是一个积极而有效的探索,它在推进院校教育结构调整,完善教育体制等方面具有重要的作用。