真之收缩论述评

真之收缩论是关于“真的收缩处理的理论”,其目的在于降低对传统真理论的高期望,主要包括冗余论、代语句理论、极小主义理论等。它们的共同点在于认为真是没有本质的,但在对真的具体解释上则存在不同的角度和方法。收缩论者并非认为“真的”这一谓词不重要,只是,他们对“真的”的理解更注重逻辑和形式的色彩。     

The use of ecological momentary assessment to test appraisal theories of emotion

Although appraisal theories have received strong empirical support, there are methodological concerns about the research, including biased recall, heuristic responding, ethical issues, and weak and unrealistic induction of emotions in laboratories. To provide a more ecologically valid test of appraisal theories, the authors used ecological momentary assessment, in which the emotions and appraisals of Singaporean police officers were measured online over the course of an ordinary workday. The research focused on happiness. Support was obtained for predictions, demonstrating the generalizability of appraisal theories to a nonlaboratory setting and circumventing the shortcomings of previously used methodologies. Also, evidence was obtained that happiness was reported primarily in association with a specific combination of 3 relevant appraisals: high pleasantness, high perceived control, and low moral violation.     

Effects of phonological awareness and morphological awareness on blind students' reading comprehension

The exploration of blind students' reading skills is needed not only for further understanding their reading development but also for providing targeted suggestions for practical education. This study aims to examine the relations among phonological awareness (PA), homograph awareness (HA), compounding awareness (CA) and reading comprehension (RC), and explore the mediating effect of listening comprehension (LC) in Chinese blind students from elementary school. A total of 148 blind and 302 sighted elementary school students completed assessments of PA, HA, CA, LC and RC. The results found that PA, HA and CA were important variables that predicted Chinese blind and sighted students' RC not only directly but also indirectly through LC, which varied across different grades. The findings suggest that there were many similarities that exist in the influencing mechanism of RC between Chinese blind and sighted students.     

词的具体性对词汇识别的影响

采用词汇判断法、命名法两种方法考察词的具体性特征对词汇识别的影响。结果表明：（１）两种任务中都存在着词的具体性效应;（２）词的具体性效应只表现在高频词中。作者给出了可能的解释并认为词汇识别中形、音、义的加工存在着交互作用。     

故事阅读中句子加工时间与理解的研究

被试是３０名大学生,实验材料为两个双情节故事。实验采用计算机按键计时的方式进行,每个故事一句一句地呈现在计算机屏幕上,每读完一句就按一下空格键,读完一个故事就马上回忆。实验结果表明：阅读时间呈现出一种递减模式,回忆量呈现出一种波浪模式,而且回忆量不受阅读时间的影响。     

儿童电视动画片播放效果的研究

本研究运用心理学的研究方法、测量手段和建构因果模型的统计方法 ,评价了儿童电视动画片的传播效果。研究包括三个步骤 :1确定效标和影响动画片传播效果的特征 ;2提出假设的因果关系模型 ;3对模型进行估计、检验和修正。本研究的主要结果是 :动画片的内容和观众的家庭教育状况对观众看动画片的收获有着显著的正效应 ,观众的收视状况对收获有较大的负效应 ;动画片的内容、形式对于观众对动画片的态度有着积极的直接效应 ;态度和收获之间的因果关系是单向的 ,即态度影响收获 ;建立的因果模型能较好地预测和评价儿童电视动画片的传播效果     

以造像记为对象的北朝佛教本土化考察

造像记是反映北朝佛教传播和发展的第一手资料,本文即以北朝造像记为对象,从其所涉及的福报内容和对象出发,考察了北朝佛教对中国本土神灵信仰和儒学伦理观念的接受,以及其中所包含的佛教与王权的关系。     

初中生主观幸福感与生活事件的关系研究

使用自编的中学生主观幸福感量表和刘贤臣的青少年生活事件量表对294名初中生进行了问卷调查,初步探讨了初中生主观幸福感状况及其与生活事件之间的关系。结果表明：（1）自编的中学生主观幸福感量表经检验具有较高的信度和效度。（2）初中生的主观幸福感水平在中等程度以上,体验到的正性情感较多,对家庭、自我、学习、同伴交往、教师及生活条件各方面比较满意。男女生在总体幸福感、家庭满意感、自我满意感、同伴交往满意感和生活条件满意感上存在显著的差异,女生得分均高于男生。（3）初中生总体幸福感与生活事件总分呈显著负相关,与不喜欢上学、学习负担重、与老师关系紧张、遭父母打骂这四项生活事件显著负相关。不喜欢上学和与老师关系紧张对初中生总体幸福感具有较好的预测作用。     

中文故事阅读中预期与前后向推理的关系

通过3项实验,考察了中文故事阅读中前后向推理的差异及其与预期的关系。采用3×2独立设计,以反应时为指标,以较长的语篇为实验材料,分别利用核证法与命名法进行了实验一和二。实验三在实验二的基础上,用2×2独立设计,并根据实验目的修改了实验材料。实验一的结果显示,前向推理和后向推理差异显著;实验二的结果则是前向推理和后向推理无显著差异,而且预期的3个水平在前后向推理上均无显著差异;实验三的结果表明,在预期与前后向推理间距离近和预期句详述的情况下,预期与前后向推理产生了交互作用