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111.
Brick Johnstone Dong Pil Yoon Daniel Cohen Laura H. Schopp Guy McCormack James Campbell Marian Smith 《Journal of religion and health》2012,51(4):1017-1041
To determine: (1) differences in spirituality, religiosity, personality, and health for different faith traditions; and (2) the relative degree to which demographic, spiritual, religious, and personality variables simultaneously predict health outcomes for different faith traditions. Cross-sectional analysis of 160 individuals from five different faith traditions including Buddhists (40), Catholics (41), Jews (22), Muslims (26), and Protestants (31). Brief multidimensional measure of religiousness/spirituality (BMMRS; Fetzer in Multidimensional measurement of religiousness/spirituality for use in health research, Fetzer Institute, Kalamazoo, 1999); NEO-five factor inventory (NEO-FFI; in Revised NEO personality inventory (NEO PI-R) and the NEO-five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) professional manual, Psychological Assessment Resources, Odessa, Costa and McCrae 1992); Medical outcomes scale-short form (SF-36; in SF-36 physical and mental health summary scores: A user??s manual, The Health Institute, New England Medical Center, Boston, Ware et al. 1994). (1) ANOVAs indicated that there were no significant group differences in health status, but that there were group differences in spirituality and religiosity. (2) Pearson??s correlations for the entire sample indicated that better mental health is significantly related to increased spirituality, increased positive personality traits (i.e., extraversion) and decreased personality traits (i.e., neuroticism and conscientiousness). In addition, spirituality is positively correlated with positive personality traits (i.e., extraversion) and negatively with negative personality traits (i.e., neuroticism). (3) Hierarchical regressions indicated that personality predicted a greater proportion of unique variance in health outcomes than spiritual variables. Different faith traditions have similar health status, but differ in terms of spiritual, religious, and personality factors. For all faith traditions, the presence of positive and absence of negative personality traits are primary predictors of positive health (and primarily mental health). Spiritual variables, other than forgiveness, add little to the prediction of unique variance in physical or mental health after considering personality. Spirituality can be conceptualized as a characterological aspect of personality or a distinct construct, but spiritual interventions should continue to be used in clinical practice and investigated in health research. 相似文献
112.
The objective of this article is to determine the convergent/divergent validity of the Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality (BMMRS; Fetzer Institute & National Institute on Aging Working Group 1999) subscales by correlating it with the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) Self-Transcendence subscales (i.e., Mysticism, Transpersonal Identification, Self-Forgetfulness; Cloninger et al. 1994). The cross-sectional analysis of 97 undergraduate/graduate students from a Midwestern university was made. The results are (1) all five BMMRS spirituality subscales were significantly correlated with the TCI Mysticism scale; (2) two BMMRS scales (i.e., Daily Spiritual Experiences, Values/Beliefs) were significantly correlated with the TCI Transpersonal Identification scales; (3) no BMMRS spiritual subscales were significantly correlated with the TCI Self-Forgetfulness scale; and (4) of the BMMRS religion scales, only the Organizational Religiousness subscale was correlated with any TCI subscale (i.e., Mysticism). The BMMRS appears to have adequate convergent/divergent validity, although the need exists to determine specific dimensions of spirituality. Inspection of the specific items of the BMMRS and TCI spiritual subscales that were most consistently correlated (i.e., BMMRS Daily Spiritual Experiences, Values/Beliefs; TCI Mysticism, Transpersonal Identification) suggests the existence of a distinct spiritual construct that is best conceptualized as the experience of emotional connectedness to the divine, nature, and/or others. 相似文献
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114.
Nghia Trong Mai Koo-Hyun Chung Seung Ryoon Lee Dong Kil Shin Youn Young Earmme 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2013,93(4):242-250
The work of adhesion between a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer film and a flat diamond tip was measured by instrumented indentation. The results showed that the apparent work of adhesion between the tip and the PDMS film increases with increasing dwell time and retreating velocity; on the other hand, the indentation depth has no significant effect on adhesion. The indentation experiment was analysed with viscoelastic finite element simulations with rate-dependent cohesive elements, from which the time evolution of adhesion was quantitatively implemented into a rate-dependent cohesive-zone law. 相似文献
115.
A numerical calculation method based on the angle in a triple junction composed of a random grain boundary is proposed to predict the connectivity and stability of a grain boundary in a B10 copper-nickel alloy. The grain-boundary connectivity and its effect on corrosion resistance are studied combining computer-aided analysis with electrochemical impedance testing. The results show that the prediction of corrosion resistance using a grain-boundary connectivity numerical method is consistent with immersion experimental results. The B10 alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance after cold rolling with a 9% reduction rate. The relationship between the grain-boundary characteristics and corrosion resistance is well established using the numerical method to quantify the grain-boundary connectivity. A higher connective frequency and a low proportion of grain-boundary angles between 60° and 180° in the triple junction is detrimental to corrosion resistance of the B10 alloy. 相似文献
116.
117.
以往研究认为认知控制在闯入记忆的发展中起一定作用。研究以83名大学生本科生为被试,采用创伤电影范式和问卷调查结合的方式,旨在考察创伤个体注意控制、焦虑及情绪对闯入记忆的影响。结果显示,注意控制、焦虑和情绪与闯入记忆相关;注意控制和观看创伤电影前的消极情绪对闯入记忆有一定的预测作用;注意控制与焦虑、情绪相关;高低注意控制组分别在焦虑、情绪上差异显著。注意控制、焦虑、创伤前负性情绪与闯入记忆相关;注意控制、创伤前负性情绪显著影响闯入记忆。
关键词:闯入记忆;注意控制;焦虑;情绪;创伤 相似文献
118.
采用工作不安全感问卷,对不同企业的223名员工进行调查,探讨了工作不安全感中各维度对员工心理与行为的具体影响。结果表明:(1)在工作执行和人际关系不安全感上,男女性别差异显著;在工作丧失、人际关系不安全感、群体组织公民行为以及留职意愿这四个维度上,不同企业类型差异显著。(2)工作丧失、工作执行,人际关系不安全感均对留职意愿有正向预测作用;过度竞争不安全感对群体组织公民行为及个体组织公民行为均有显著的负向预测作用。 相似文献
119.
援类而推的方法,是中国先秦时代特有的并广泛使用的一种思维方法。对于这种推类方法,古代先贤只给出了一系列的语义说明,没有而且也不可能给出一个形式语言的语形说明。如借助现象对事物的状态和功能及其所具有的规律进行描述的科学认识方法,我们今天可以尝试着给它构造一个推理模式,并通过分析它的思维进程、根据、推导原则及违反原则的错误,展现它的特点、能够成立的有效性及世代相传的普遍适用性。并进而了解其背后的逻辑原则、文化传统、人文精神,从逻辑与文化的角度增强我们对传统思维方法论意义、文化认同意义的感受。并在全球化的浪潮中,在越来越广泛的文化交流与沟通中,促进对传统思维方式的辩证扬弃,促进不同文化之间思维方式的沟通。 相似文献
120.
奖励不仅能够塑造行为, 也能影响个体的内部心理过程。在注意选择过程中, 与奖励联结的刺激能够吸引注意资源。当目标刺激与奖励联结时, 能够易化注意选择过程; 当分心刺激与奖励联结时, 能够阻碍注意选择过程。可见, 奖励从不同角度对注意选择产生影响。奖励对注意选择的影响可能有其特有的认知机制, 并且奖励对注意的捕获效应受到许多因素的调节, 如奖励预测、工作记忆容量、人格特质及刺激的新异性。未来的研究应该尝试将奖励影响注意选择的研究成果应用于不良注意偏向临床干预的实践领域。 相似文献