刻板印象与特质建构关系的实验研究

根据平行-约束-满足模型的基本主张,利用情境模拟法探讨了特质激活与刻板印象的建构关系以及刻板化信息与个体化信息经由特质激活所表现出的交互影响。实验结果表明：(1)刻板印象影响特质的含义,特质会自动化地激活刻板印象,并且由特质及其具体的描述性内容所形成的个体化信息在具体的情景中联合起来影响刻板印象效应;(2)刻板印象与其他信息在加工通路上是相对独立或平行的;(3)刻板印象是兼具自动化加工与控制加工的混合体。     

双Rayleigh颜色匹配与色觉检测

介绍了Nagel色觉检查镜等基于经典Rayleigh匹配原理的色觉仪在颜色视觉领域的应用,经典Rayleigh匹配的几种改进的方法,特别是近年来新产生的双Rayleigh颜色匹配色觉检测方法及其原理。最后介绍了国内学基于双Rayleigh匹配原理研究开发的一种新型色觉检测仪一一全自动双Rayleigh匹配型色觉检测仪,并分析了其应用前景。     

The characteristics of social categorization based on the unidimensional variation of gender versus age

The present study explored the characteristics of social categorization based on the unidimensional variation of gender or age using the Garner’s Selective Attention Paradigm. The task of the experiment was to judge whether there was a mole on a person’s face, and the results showed that young participants’ response times were slower when the age or gender of the face stimuli varied, demonstrating that young people, rather than older people, can activate both an age category and a gender category automatically. Meanwhile, all participants’ responses to the old faces were slower than that to the young faces. Females reacted faster than males, demonstrating that females tend to have an advantage for face processing.     

阈下启动的心理机制初探

本研究以汉语双字名词为材料、正确率和反应时为指标,进行了阈下启动的实验探索。揭示出（1）当启动词在前面的练习中被归类时,阚下语义启动显著表现出来,在练习中形成的阈下启动联接是词汇和语义范畴之间的;（2）练习中被归类的词在后续的不同按键反应任务中作为阈下启动词均发生作用,阈下启动是启动的无意识归类,而不仅仅是自动化的刺激-反应模式。     

内隐人格理论对他人印象加工策略的影响

从表征状态与他人知觉信息加工方式两个角度探讨了内隐人格理论对他人印象加工策略的影响。首先采用自编的童话情境测验对120名被试的内隐人格理论进行维度分析, 甄选出持不同内隐人格理论的被试(实体论42人、渐变论48人)。随后使用错觉关联效应的实验范式, 要求两类被试(持不同内隐人格理论及其指向性情境)对他人行为信息进行判断, 记录自由回忆和频率估计的差异值。结果发现：持不同内隐人格理论的个体在知觉他人时采用不同的信息加工方式。实体论者通常采用启发式加工, 渐变论者通常采用分析式加工。实体论者在进行启发式加工时, 通过对他人行为信息的即时性判断形成他人印象; 渐变论者在进行分析式加工时, 对他人行为信息进行记忆性判断, 最终依赖情境信息形成他人印象。     

名利博弈中的舍利取义行为

名利博弈是在名与利不可兼得的情境下对名利进行取舍的决策。在名利博弈中, 人们往往表现出舍利取义的行为倾向。竞争性利他理论主张舍利取义是一种吸引他人对自己“投资”的获利策略。名利博弈的博弈对象具有的身份信息会对博弈者舍利取义的行为倾向产生影响。身份中所蕴涵的以能力为代表的客观回应潜力限定了获取名声可带来利益的上限, 以社会距离为代表的主观回应潜力反映着个体主观认为他人向自己提供利益的可能。两者共同影响着名利博弈中舍利取义的产生, 成为名利博弈倾向的核心影响因素。未来研究应从博弈对象的主、客观回应潜力出发, 关注详细身份、具体身份、模糊身份等三个层面, 进一步验证名利博弈影响因素的普遍性, 为名利博弈内部机制的建构与验证提供更为坚实的实证依据。     

Nice Guys Finish Fast and Bad Guys Finish Last: Facilitatory vs. Inhibitory Interaction in Parallel Systems

Systems Factorial Technology is a powerful framework for investigating the fundamental properties of human information processing such as architecture (i.e., serial or parallel processing) and capacity (how processing efficiency is affected by increased workload). The Survivor Interaction Contrast (SIC) and the Capacity Coefficient are effective measures in determining these underlying properties, based on response-time data. Each of the different architectures, under the assumption of independent processing, predicts a specific form of the SIC along with some range of capacity. In this study, we explored SIC predictions of discrete-state (Markov process) and continuous-state (Linear Dynamic) models that allow for certain types of cross-channel interaction. The interaction can be facilitatory or inhibitory: one channel can either facilitate, or slow down processing in its counterpart. Despite the relative generality of these models, the combination of the architecture oriented plus the capacity oriented analyses provide for precise identification of the underlying system.     

Can fluid intelligence be reduced to ‘simple’ short-term storage?

Much is written regarding the associations between human intelligence and cognition. However, it is unusual to find comprehensive studies. Here twenty four measures tapping eight cognitive abilities and skills are considered for assessing a sample of one hundred and eighty five young adults. The simultaneous relationships among fluid, crystallized, and spatial intelligence, along with short-term memory, working memory capacity, executive updating, attention, and processing speed are analyzed using a latent-variable approach. The key findings show that (a) short-term storage, working memory, and updating are hardly distinguishable, and (b) fluid intelligence is near-perfectly correlated with these three cognitive functions. It is concluded that this nuclear intelligence component can be largely identified with basic and general short-term storage processes, namely, encoding, maintenance, and retrieval.     

人类辅助生殖技术中的伦理监督与实践

我国人类辅助生殖技术的开展以及相关法律规范的实施为该技术的运用带来伦理管理的新课题.分别阐述辅助生殖技术中伦理监督的重要意义、重点与难点,对我院具体管理工作与实践探索作了介绍,并对该技术伦理监督管理中的几个问题进行了讨论.     

和谐医患关系的心理机制及其促进技术

基于群体心理研究的相关理论和方法, 通过整合医患关系的结构表征与动态建构过程, 提出和谐医患关系的心理机制综合模型, 主张和谐医患关系的结构可以医疗满意度、医患信任以及医疗方案服从性作为基本的观测指标; 和谐医患关系的动态建构过程经由就医前零接触的群际医患关系和医患互动过程中即时性的人际医患关系两大递进性成分相互作用后逐步形成。其中, 群际层面和谐医患关系的建构主要受到医患舆情传播、医疗制度信任以及医患群际关系因素(如群际认知偏差、群体认同等)的影响, 人际层面和谐医患关系的建构主要受到医患人际信任水平和医患沟通模式(包括信息互动模式与沟通交往模式)的影响。在此基础上, 验证并提出和谐医患关系的促进策略。