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951.
BackgroundOlder adults appear to have different activity preferences (prefer to be active alone or with others, or show no preference). As the activity of older females is often associated with social influences (i.e., how others influence the behavior or thoughts of another), understanding how activity preference might interact with social influences becomes important.ObjectivesThis study explored whether activity preferences would moderate the social influence – physical activity relationship in older females.MethodsThe sample for this study was 102 older females with the majority (87%) classified as ‘maintainers’. Using a cross-sectional approach, participants completed questionnaires on social influences by channel (family, friends, healthcare workers) and type (modeling, compliance, conformity, obedience), activity preferences, and physical activity.ResultsMANOVA and follow-up results revealed that friends-modeling (F (2, 99) = 8.15, p < .01) and friends-compliance/conformity (F (2, 99) = 9.82, p < .01) were greater in individuals who preferred to be active with others than those who preferred to be active alone. Results from a hierarchical multiple regression examining activity preferences as a moderator were significant (R2change = .11). For those who preferred to be active with others, friends-modeling was positively related to activity (b = 1.28). For individuals with no activity preference, activity was positively related to friends-compliance/conformity (b = 1.38) and negatively related to friends-modeling (b = ?1.56).ConclusionResults provide preliminary evidence that activity preferences appear to moderate the relationship between the influence of friends and activity in older females, especially for those who are activity maintainers. 相似文献
952.
Rebecca R. Wilson Mark Blades Mike Coleman Olivier Pascalis 《Infant and child development》2009,18(6):545-555
We investigated unfamiliar face recognition in low‐functioning children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) using a ‘part‐of‐face’ method. This method has not previously been used for unfamiliar faces with this population. The ‘part‐of‐face’ procedure provides measures of both face recognition accuracy and of processing style. We compared the performance of the children with ASD with three control groups: children with developmental delay (DD), typically developing (TD) children matched for verbal cognitive ability and TD children matched for chronological age (CA). Compared to the DD group, the ASD group showed similar processing in recognition accuracy and processing style. Compared to the TD children, the ASD group did not show the same level of accuracy as controls of the same CA, instead showing similar performance to younger TD children. However, as both children with ASD and DD showed the same performance, no ASD‐specific deficit was found. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
953.
Teachers often approach teaching with an energy and enthusiasm to inspire their students with their skills and knowledge.
However, when faced with students who are not fully engaged in their learning, teachers sometimes find it difficult and frustrating
to communicate the subject knowledge. This paper looks at the importance of teachers reflecting regularly on their teaching
with thoughts not just about the communication of subject knowledge, but combining this with the emotions and affective experiences
of themselves and their students. We interviewed 11 new secondary science teachers about their first 3 years of teaching and
in particular, questions were directed at their relationships in school, communication with students, the ideal lesson and
reflection. Our findings revealed that teachers who were most successful when faced with adversities in the classroom, were
those who appreciated that, as well as communicating subject knowledge, there is also a need for affective communication with
the student. Many of the teachers we spoke to emphasised the importance of establishing a rapport with their students, and
especially when they were disengaged and disinterested in learning. The data highlight the importance of conceptualising teaching
and learning as encompassing both affect and cognition in order to have a balanced and healthy view of teaching, learning,
the student and the school.
相似文献
There can be no knowledge without emotion. We may be aware of a truth, yet until we have felt its force, it is not ours. To the cognition of the brain must be added the experience of the soul. Arnold Bennett (1867–1931)
Helen DemetriouEmail: |
954.
Anna C. Wilson Wendy M. DeCourcey Kurt A. Freeman 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(3):216-222
Models of diabetes management in children emphasize family relationships, particularly parent–child interactions. In adolescents,
parental involvement in disease-specific management relates to better health and adherence. However, information about parental
involvement in disease management for young children is limited and mixed. This study investigated behavior problems of school-aged
children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in association with parent discipline strategies and parents’ perceptions of
(1) time spent managing diabetes and (2) the impact their child’s diabetes has on their discipline strategies. Parents of
children ages 5–12 with T1DM completed standardized measures of child misbehavior, parent discipline strategies, and responded
to questions regarding perceived time spent managing diabetes, and perceived impact of diabetes on ability to discipline.
Results showed child mealtime misbehavior was common and associated with overreactive parental discipline. Further, overreactive
discipline was also associated with reports of less time spent managing child’s illness. Child misbehavior was positively
associated with parents’ perceived amount of time spent managing diabetes and with the impact of child diabetes on discipline.
Findings suggest the importance of considering parent discipline strategies and child misbehavior when working with young
children with diabetes. 相似文献
955.
Robert S. Wilson Lisa L. Barnes Carlos F. Mendes de Leon Denis A. Evans 《Intelligence》2009,37(6):545-550
We examined the relation of level of cognition to survival in a biracial community population of more than 10,000 older persons. At baseline, participants completed 4 cognitive tests from which a composite global cognitive measure was derived. During up to 14 years of follow-up (mean = 6.9 years), 4201 people died (41.6%). Higher level of cognitive function was associated with increased survival even after controlling for health related and lifestyle variables. The association did not differ between African Americans and whites; it was stronger in older than younger persons; and it was especially pronounced for perceptual speed. The results underscore the importance of cognition to survival in old age. 相似文献
956.
Emotional reactivity and regulation behaviors were compared in infants born extremely low gestational age (ELGA) and very low gestational age (VLGA) during the still-face procedure. Infants born ELGA demonstrated greater emotional reactivity and displayed less frequent gaze avoidance, more frequent gestures, and more self-comforting behaviors. 相似文献
957.
Habituation revisited: an updated and revised description of the behavioral characteristics of habituation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
958.
The reconsolidation hypothesis posits that memories that have been reactivated can be either enhanced or disrupted by pharmacological manipulation. Synaptic plasticity is presumed to underlie the reconsolidation process. Matrix metalloproteinases are proteins that regulate the extracellular matrix involved in plasticity events, and these proteins have recently been shown to influence learning and memory. However, all studies on the role of matrix metalloproteinases in learning and memory have employed tasks that rely on contextual cues. The goal of this study was to determine the extent to which FN-439 would disrupt the consolidation and/or reconsolidation of a fear memory associated with a conditioned stimulus that signaled tone-shock pairings and that was independent of contextual cues. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given infusions of FN-439 (35 microg intracerebroventricular) 30 min prior to conditioning (tone-shock paired association) or 30 min prior to a single reactivation session given 24h after conditioning. Administration of FN-439 did not disrupt consolidation of the freezing response when the tone (conditioned stimulus) was presented. In contrast, FN-439 infusion disrupted reconsolidation of the fear memory in a reactivation-dependent manner. The reduced freezing behavior was not due to a decrease in general anxiety levels, since FN-439 had no effect on the percent of open-arm time or open-arm entries in an elevated-plus maze task. Thus, we demonstrated for the first time that matrix metalloproteinase inhibition in the brain is capable of disrupting the reconsolidation of a tone-shock association memory that does not depend on contextual cues. The finding that a fear response to a previously paired conditioned stimulus can be disrupted by treatment with an MMP inhibitor during a single reactivation session suggests that this class of compounds may have therapeutic potential for posttraumatic stress disorder and/or simple phobias. 相似文献
959.
Mhairi Bowe Debra Gray Clifford Stevenson Niamh McNamara Juliet R. H. Wakefield Blerina Kellezi Iain Wilson Michelle Cleveland Elizabeth Mair Moon Halder Sebastiano Costa 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(7):1523-1539
Cohesive, resilient communities are vital to the well-being of residents. Uncovering the determinants of successful community identities is therefore essential to progressing the community health agenda. Engaging in community participation through volunteering may be one pathway to building local community identity and enhancing residents’ health and well-being, but the group processes connecting them remain unexplored. We conducted two studies investigating these dynamics using the “Social Cure” perspective. First, we analysed 53 in-depth interviews with volunteers, finding that community relationships shaped their experiences and that volunteering influenced their sense of community belonging, support, and well-being. Second, a community survey (N = 619) revealed that volunteering predicts well-being through the serial mediators of community identification and social support. Our article demonstrates the Social Cure processes involved in community-based volunteering, their impact on community identity, support and well-being, and their implications for community health, and the provision and sustainability of community voluntary action and interventions. 相似文献
960.
Prior research establishes that consumers are averse to extreme options, but what does a “moderate” option look like in the context of choices among bundles of items, such as investment portfolios or product assortment packs? We propose that for bundles, two paths to creating risk and reward balance exist: a “bundle‐of‐pure‐moderation” with all moderate‐risk–moderate‐reward (moderate RR) components and a “bundle‐of‐extremes,” composed of equal numbers of extreme high‐risk–high‐reward (high RR) and low‐risk–low‐reward (low RR) components. We show that consumers have stronger preference for the balanced bundle when composed of a bundle‐of‐extremes rather than a bundle‐of‐pure‐moderation, even when equated on expected value, a phenomenon we term “the aggregated extremes effect.” This effect occurs across different choice set configurations and across multiple domains. Additionally, this effect is eliminated among consumers who view the high RR and low RR components as incompatible, as this undermines the perceived attractiveness of the bundle‐of‐extremes. Finally, this effect is also eliminated by exposing consumers to a depiction of potential outcomes, such that consumers can better perceive the risk reduction upside of a bundle‐of‐pure‐moderation. 相似文献