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191.
192.
193.
Income and Satisfaction in Russia 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Peggy Schyns 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2001,2(2):173-204
The Russian Federation has undergone some drastic economic, social-cultural, and political changes since 1989. The income of nearly half of the population has sunk below the poverty line, which has had an enormous impact on their emotional life. In this study, the relationship between income and satisfaction in Russia was examined. Three theories – need, comparison, and personality theory – were considered. Data were drawn from the first three waves of the Russet panel study (1993–1995). Russians were a little more satisfied with their income and life when they had a higher income. A positive change in income caused an increase in income-satisfaction over a one-year period. Results also showed that there was a reciprocal relationship between income-satisfaction and life satisfaction, indicating that in addition to bottom-up effects, top-down mechanisms were also at work: life satisfaction is partly a sum of domain satisfactions, but it also reflects a more trait-like character. Furthermore, within comparison theory, social comparison had the largest effect on income-satisfaction, closely followed by income needed (person-environment fit theory), and income deserved (equity theory) with the smallest effect. The need effect of income on income-satisfaction became non-significant when controlled for these three comparison mechanisms. Correction for measurement error of relationships between the endogenous variables resulted in overall stronger effects. 相似文献
194.
Counseling literature has not adequately addressed various experiences encountered by hearing children of deaf adults. Awareness and understanding of these unique experiences would better prepare counselors to work with such clients. The authors review such experiences in the context of Deaf culture and believe such a review will enable the counselor to establish more effective counseling relationships with these children and their deaf parents. 相似文献
195.
Roscoe A. Dykman Philip C. Loizou Peggy T. Ackerman Patrick H. Casey W. Brian McPherson 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2000,35(4):284-297
Sixty-five subjects, ages 8 to 12, participated in a visual electrophysiological study. Twenty-two of the subjects had received
a diagnosis of nonorganic failure-to-thrive (FTT) before the age of three. The remaining 43 subjects had no history of FTT
and served as Controls. IQs were obtained with the abbreviated WISC-III, and the Controls were split into two groups, LO IQ
and HI IQ, to provide a LO IQ Control group with an average IQ equivalent to the FTT group. Event-related brain potentials
(ERPs) were recorded from five scalp locations during a cued continuous performance task (CPT). Subjects had to press a button
every time they saw the letter “X” following the letter “A” (50 targets out of 400 stimuli).
During the CPT, the FTT subjects made marginally more errors of omission to targets than the LO IQ Control group and significantly
more errors of omission than the HI IQ Control subjects. The groups did not differ significantly on errors of commission (false
alarms) or reaction times to targets. ERP averages revealed a group difference in amplitude in a late slow wave for the 50
non-X stimuli (false targets) that followed the letter A. This difference was greatest over frontal sites, where the FTT group
had a more negative going slow wave than each control group. Late frontal negativity to No Go stimuli has been linked with
post-decisional processing, notably in young children. Thus, the FTT subjects may have less efficient inhibitory processes,
reflected by additional late frontal activation. *** DIRECT SUPPORT *** A31BB040 00006 相似文献
196.
This investigation examined the relation between features of the home environment (HOME Scale) and domains of development (Griffiths Scales) in 6-month-olds. The sample consisted of 155 families with diverse demographic characteristics who were part of a larger study. Data were analyzed using hierarchical multiple regression. More favorable eye-hand development was associated with more availability of appropriate play materials. The interaction of appropriate play materials and maternal involvement was related to both social and hearing-speech development. For the infants who had high exposure to appropriate play materials, social and hearing-speech development was more optimal if their mothers were highly involved with them. The analyses were conducted separately for low (n = 87) and middlelhigh (n = 55) socioeconomic status groups from the sample. Partial replication of the interaction effect was present for the middle/high group, but not for the low group. Findings support the importance of examining interaction as well as additive effects of the impact of early environment for relatively large samples in which there is a diversity of experiences. 相似文献
197.
Rural youth in China experience numerous challenges during their transition into adulthood. Yet, research on this transition and its relevant influential factors is rare. Through the lens of family systems theory, this study examined the impacts of family dynamics (i.e., interparental and parent–adolescent interactions) in adolescence on the psychological adjustment of youth as they transition into adulthood. Participants were 1330 youth and their mothers in rural Gansu. In 2004, mothers completed questionnaires of interparental and parent–adolescent interactions when youth were adolescents (Mage = 15.03, SD = 1.15). In 2009, youth completed questionnaires of depression and self-esteem when they were emerging adults (Mage = 20.03, SD = 1.15). Results of structural equation modelling suggested that while interparental interactions in adolescence were not associated with the psychological adjustment of youth in emerging adulthood, positive parent–adolescent interactions in adolescence predicted better psychological adjustment of youth in emerging adulthood. Furthermore, mediation analysis showed that although interparental interactions did not directly affect the psychological adjustment of youth, they were positively associated with parent–adolescent interactions, which in turn contributed to the psychological adjustment of youth. The results reveal an enduring influence of family dynamics on psychological adjustment among rural Chinese youth during the transition into adulthood. 相似文献
198.
Peggy J. Kleinplatz 《Humanistic Psychologist》2013,41(2):190-202
Abstract The goals of conventional sex therapy are examined from a humanistic perspective. Several problems associated with these objectives, their accompanying reasoning and underlying values are highlighted. The prevailing model aims to perpetuate normative performance standards. It promotes objectification and sexual mediocrity. An alternative approach is proposed, and illustrated with clinical material. Originating in existential‐experiential psychotherapy, its goals emphasize discovery of the unknown, sexual uniqueness and diversity and integrating erotic potentials. 相似文献
199.
Russell Eric Johnson Chu‐Hsiang Chang Tyler Meyer Klodiana Lanaj Jason Way 《欧洲人格杂志》2013,27(5):424-441
In our set of studies, we extended research on approach and avoidance motivations by investigating (i) motives in a work setting, (ii) interactions among approach and avoidance motives, and (iii) motives at implicit levels. Results of Studies 1 through 3 provided support for the construct validity of our work motives measure by demonstrating that approach and avoidance work motives are markers of more general approach and avoidance temperaments, they are distinct from other individual difference variables commonly studied by organisational psychologists (e.g. conscientiousness, regulatory focus and cognitive ability) and they are stable over time. In Studies 4 through 7, we confirmed our predictions that approach and avoidance motives predict employees' goal orientations, job appraisals and attitudes (e.g. job satisfaction and perceived support) and supervisor‐rated job behaviours (e.g. task performance and citizenship behaviour). Importantly, we provide the first empirical evidence that approach and avoidance motives interact to predict task performance and that the motives operate at implicit levels. Copyright © 2012 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
200.
Mindi R. Higgins Kessler Ronald Jay Werner-Wilson Alicia Skinner Cook Peggy Berger 《The American journal of family therapy》2013,41(3):243-253
Most schools of family therapy directly or indirectly recognize that personal qualities of the therapist influence therapy process. If personal qualities of therapists are associated with therapy process, it seems plausible that there would be some interaction between their personal relationships and therapy process. The present study examines the relationship between emotion management at home and emotion management at work to job satisfaction and marital satisfaction of marriage and family therapists. Results suggest that men and women experience a different interaction between emotion management, relationship satisfaction, and job satisfaction. 相似文献