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201.
do Nascimento Bianca Gomes Oliveira Hingrid Suzzan Tarso Oliveira e Silva Hadda Tercya Lima de Siqueira-Silva Diógenes Henrique Lima-Maximino Monica Maximino Caio 《Animal cognition》2020,23(5):965-972
Animal Cognition - Orienting responses (ORs) are whole-organism reflexes that are elicited by innocuous stimuli, and which decrease in magnitude after stimulus repetition. ORs represent relatively... 相似文献
202.
Marina Fuertes Camila Ribeiro Joana L. Gonçalves Cristina Rodrigues Marjorie Beeghly Pedro Lopes-dos-Santos Dionísia A. C. Lamônica 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(2):224-233
Prior research in Western countries (mostly the US, Canada and northern Europe) indicates that mothers' representations are associated with mother–infant interaction quality and their child's attachment security later in the first year. Fewer studies, however, have evaluated whether these associations hold for mother–infant dyads in other countries, such as Brazil and Portugal. Although these countries share a similar language and culture, they differ on societal dimensions that may affect parenting attitudes and mother–infant relationships, such as economic stress, social organisation, social policy, and the availability of services for young families. In this longitudinal study, we followed two independent samples of Brazilian and Portuguese mother–infant dyads from the perinatal period to 12 months post-partum. We assessed mothers' perinatal representations using semi-structured interviews in the first 48 hours after the infant's birth, and evaluated the associations of these representations with mother interaction quality at 9 months and infant attachment at 12 months. Results were similar in each country, corroborating prior research in single Western countries: Mothers with more positive perinatal representations were more sensitive to their infants during free play at 9 months and were more likely to have infants classified as securely attached at 12 months. 相似文献
203.
Inês M. Tavares PhD Natalie O. Rosen PhD Julia R. Heiman PhD Pedro J. Nobre PhD 《Family process》2024,63(1):192-209
There is limited understanding of the dynamic between relational and sexual well-being as couples adjust to new parenthood, despite this being a vulnerable period for couples' relationships. This study was aimed at examining the bidirectional links between relationship quality and sexual well-being (i.e., sexual satisfaction, sexual distress) across the transition to parenthood. We assessed new parent couples (N = 257) across four time points (two prenatal) from mid-pregnancy through 6 months postpartum. Parallel dyadic latent growth curve modeling was employed to examine the associations between trajectories of perceived relationship quality, sexual satisfaction, and sexual distress. New parents' declines in relationship quality were associated with declines in own and partners' sexual satisfaction and with increases in own sexual distress. Mothers' prenatal relationship quality and sexual distress predicted subsequent changes in own sexual distress and fathers' relationship quality, respectively. Results indicate that changes to new parents' relational and sexual well-being mutually influence each other over time. Current results indicate that the impact of the transition on couples' relationships is partly determined by own and partners' prenatal factors, to which clinicians and researchers can attend to early on. Cross-domain links between relational and sexual well-being should be considered in research and clinical practice. 相似文献
204.
da Silva FC 《Journal of the history of the behavioral sciences》2006,42(1):19-39
My aim is to discuss the history of the reception of George Herbert Mead's ideas in sociology. After discussing the methodological debate between presentism and historicism, I address the interpretations of those responsible for Mead's inclusion in the sociological canon: Herbert Blumer, Jürgen Habermas, and Hans Joas. In the concluding section, I assess these reconstructions of Mead's thought and suggest an alternative more consistent with my initial methodological remarks. In particular, I advocate a reconstruction of Mead's ideas that apprehends simultaneously its evolution over time and its thematic breadth. Such a historically minded reconstruction can be not only a useful corrective to possible anachronisms incurred by contemporary social theorists, but also a fruitful resource for their theory-building endeavors. Only then can meaningful and enriching dialogue with Mead begin. 相似文献
205.
Cobos PL López FJ Caño A Almaraz J Shanks DR 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2002,28(4):331-346
In predictive causal inference, people reason from causes to effects, whereas in diagnostic inference, they reason from effects to causes. Independently of the causal structure of the events, the temporal structure of the information provided to a reasoner may vary (e.g., multiple events followed by a single event vs. a single event followed by multiple events). The authors report 5 experiments in which causal structure and temporal information were varied independently. Inferences were influenced by temporal structure but not by causal structure. The results are relevant to the evaluation of 2 current accounts of causal induction, the Rescorla-Wagner (R. A. Rescorla & A. R. Wagner, 1972) and causal model theories (M. R. Waldmann & K. J. Holyoak, 1992). 相似文献
206.
The "dangerous patient exception" to psychotherapist-patient privilege, adopted almost a decade before the celebrated case of Tarasoff v. Regents of the University of California (1976), was mentioned in a footnote to that decision in the context of an analogy. Although intended to permit testimony in civil commitment proceedings, this exception has been used to "criminalize" the Tarasoff duty in California. California courts eroded the privilege initially primarily to permit victims to sue psychotherapists and later to require psychotherapists to testify against their patients in criminal proceedings and appear to have confused evidentiary privilege and confidentiality. If consistent, similar reasoning in California in the future should allow therapists to testify against their patients if they were civilly committed in the past for dangerousness and attorneys to testify against their clients in criminal cases if at some earlier time they believed their clients represented a risk of future harm. Although most other jurisdictions may not word their privilege exceptions for civil commitment in the same way as California, most states have some type of privilege exception for civil commitment that could allow for such an interpretation. The United States Supreme Court in Jaffee v. Redmond (1996) found a psychotherapist-patient privilege, but stated in a footnote that an exception to the privilege would exist if a serious threat of harm to the patient could be averted only by means of disclosure by the therapist. Other jurisdictions have begun to consider these issues. Rather than being unique to California, similar reasoning could lead to the "criminalization" of Tarasoff in other jurisdictions and thereby compel therapists outside California to testify against their patients in criminal proceedings. 相似文献
207.
208.
In order to develop an account of scientific rationality, two problems need to be addressed: (i) how to make sense of episodes
of theory change in science where the lack of a cumulative development is found, and (ii) how to accommodate cases of scientific
change where lack of consistency is involved. In this paper, we sketch a model of scientific rationality that accommodates
both problems. We first provide a framework within which it is possible to make sense of scientific revolutions, but which
still preserves some (partial) relations between old and new theories. The existence of these relations help to explain why
the break between different theories is never too radical as to make it impossible for one to interpret the process in perfectly
rational terms. We then defend the view that if scientific theories are taken to be quasi-true, and if the underlying logic
is paraconsistent, it’s perfectly rational for scientists and mathematicians to entertain inconsistent theories without triviality.
As a result, as opposed to what is demanded by traditional approaches to rationality, it’s not irrational to entertain inconsistent
theories. Finally, we conclude the paper by arguing that the view advanced here provides a new way of thinking about the foundations
of science. In particular, it extends in important respects both coherentist and foundationalist approaches to knowledge,
without the troubles that plague traditional views of scientific rationality. 相似文献
209.
Scott W. Plunkett Carolyn S. Henry Linda C. Robinson Andrew Behnke Pedro C. FalconIII 《Journal of child and family studies》2007,16(6):760-772
Using symbolic interaction, we developed a research model that proposed adolescent perceptions of parental support and psychological
control would be related to adolescent depressed mood directly and indirectly through self-esteem. We tested the model using
self-report questionnaire data from 161 adolescents living with both of their biological parents. To examine possible gender
of adolescent differences, we tested two multigroup models separately for adolescents’ perceptions of mothers’ and fathers’
parental behaviors. Both the fathers’ and mothers’ models yielded (a) direct paths from self-esteem to depressed mood (for
boys and girls), psychological control to depressed mood (for boys) and (b) an indirect path from support to self-esteem to
depressed mood (for girls and boys) and an indirect path from psychological control to self-esteem to depressed mood (for
girls). In addition, in the fathers’ model a significant direct path was found between fathers’ support and depressed mood
(for girls). 相似文献
210.
Erickson and Kruschke (2002b) have shown that human subjects generalize category knowledge in a rule-like fashion when exposed
to a rule-plus-exception categorization task. This result has remained a challenge to exemplar models of category learning.
We show that these models can account for such performance, if they are augmented with exemplar-specific specificity or exemplar-specific
attention. This result, however, is only achieved if the choice rule that converts evidence for competing categories into
probabilities is sensitive to small differences between evidence values close to 0. Exemplar-specific attention provided the
best overall approximation of the data. Exemplar-specific specificity provided a slightly worse approximation, but it predicted
better the rule-like generalization pattern observed. 相似文献