当代大学生职业兴趣的结构与测量

该研究考察了我国当代大学生职业兴趣的结构,并编制出相应的测量工具.首先通过开放式问卷调查、文献调研,以及对已有测评工具中条目的整理,构建出职业兴趣描述库,再以此为基础编制自陈式职业兴趣调查表,对大学生的职业兴趣结构进行初步探索,得出九个维度,分别命名为研究型、艺术型、展示型、社会型、冒险型、企业型、常规型、现实型和生态型.其次通过验证性因素分析方法检验测验的构想效度,结果发现各指标拟合良好.此外,实证数据也表明测验具有良好的同质性信度和重测信度.研究结果证明大学生职业兴趣调查表具有较好的心理测量学品质,可应用于实践领域.     

Measuring and testing awareness of emotional face expressions

Comparison of behavioural measures of consciousness has attracted much attention recently. In a recent article, Szczepanowski et al. conclude that confidence ratings (CR) predict accuracy better than both the perceptual awareness scale (PAS) and post-decision wagering (PDW) when using stimuli with emotional content (fearful vs. neutral faces). Although we find the study interesting, we disagree with the conclusion that CR is superior to PAS because of two methodological issues. First, the conclusion is not based on a formal test. We performed this test and found no evidence that CR predicted accuracy better than PAS (p = .4). Second, Szczepanowski et al. used the present version of PAS in a manner somewhat different from how it was originally intended, and the participants may not have been adequately instructed. We end our commentary with a set of recommendations for future studies using PAS.     

Betula: A Prospective Cohort Study on Memory,Health and Aging

This article describes the Betula Study with respect to objectives, design, participants, and assessment instruments for health and cognition. Three waves of data collection have been completed in 5-year intervals since 1988–1990. A fourth wave started in 2003 and will be completed in 2005. An overview of Betula research is presented under the headings of memory and cognition and cognitive neuroscience. Health-related issues and sex differences as well as comparisons between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are discussed in the first section. The influence of different genes and of some brain abnormalities for memory functioning in adulthood and old age constitute main topics in the second section. New data are presented on the association between blood pressure and dementia. We demonstrated that a demented group of participants had higher levels of systolic blood pressure and pulse pressure than non-dementia controls 10 years before diagnosis. The new fourth wave of data collection will, in addition to enriching the Betula database, permit revisiting and reanalyzing the existing data from new perspectives.     

明代桐城方氏学派易学研究

晚明时期,桐城易学异军突起,形成了以方氏学派为代表的易学研究队伍.其开创人物为方学渐,他继承了宋易义理学传统,重在阐述人伦性命之学;其子方大镇一脉相承,但开始吸收象数易学理论;王宣、方鲲等人则潜心研究象数易学,推演河洛;方孔炤改变了其家学以义理为主的传统,走上了象数易学的道路,主张河洛即象数,易是一大物理,初步创立了用象数会通一切学问的理论.到方以智时集前人及家学之大成,主张虚空皆象数,倚数究理,以象数端几格通一切学问,建立了一个宏大的以《易》为主的哲学体系,创造了桐城易学的辉煌.     

Measuring consciousness: task accuracy and awareness as sigmoid functions of stimulus duration

When consciousness is examined using subjective ratings, the extent to which processing is conscious or unconscious is often estimated by calculating task performance at the subjective threshold or by calculating the correlation between accuracy and awareness. However, both these methods have certain limitations. In the present article, we propose describing task accuracy and awareness as functions of stimulus intensity (thus obtaining an accuracy and an awareness curve) as suggested by Koch and Preuschoff (2007). The estimated lag between the curves describes how much stimulus intensity must increase for awareness to change proportionally as much as accuracy and the slopes of the curves are used to assess how fast accuracy and awareness increases and whether awareness is dichotomous. The method is successfully employed to assess consciousness characteristics on data from four different awareness scales.     

Multisensory enhancement of attentional capture in visual search

Multisensory integration increases the salience of sensory events and, therefore, possibly also their ability to capture attention in visual search. This was investigated in two experiments where spatially uninformative color change cues preceded visual search arrays with color-defined targets. Tones were presented synchronously with these cues on half of all trials. Spatial-cuing effects indicative of cue-triggered capture of attention were larger on tone-present than on tone-absent trials, demonstrating multisensory enhancements of attentional capture. Larger capture effects for audiovisual events were found when cues were color singletons, and also when they appeared among heterogeneous color distractors. Tone-induced increases of attentional capture were independent of color-specific top-down task sets, suggesting that this multisensory effect is a stimulus-driven bottom-up phenomenon.     

1980-2009年国内眼动研究的文献计量分析

对收录在中国期刊网和中国优秀博硕士学位论文全文数据库中的370篇眼动研究文献(1980—2009年)进行计量学分析,结果表明:(1)国内眼动研究从2003年起呈现快速增长趋势;(2)以阅读方面的实证研究为主,主要以大学生为研究对象,以中文阅读材料和图片为研究材料,以Eyelink-Ⅱ和ASL-504眼动仪为研究工具,重点关注眼动指标和阅读指标;(3)天津师范大学是国内眼动研究的重要力量;(4)成果发表以心理学期刊为主,其中《心理科学》发表最多;(5)合作研究已成为眼动研究的主要形式,但核心作者群尚未形成;(6)大多数眼动研究受到各类项目资助。     

形而上学的原初“制作”——西方哲学诞生的技术现象学考察

探讨形而上学的原初制作,意味着要从技艺的角度去追问原初形而上学的构造。本文拟从语言技艺的技术现象学视域,来尝试探索从柏拉图到亚里士多德之原初形而上学制作的隐秘。一、原初形而上学与语言技艺一般认为,形而上学的形成以巴门尼德的存在学说为其开端,中经苏格拉底-柏拉图的理念论,在亚里士多德的形而上学中初步完成。(张志伟等,第16页)这个观点并非没有争议。譬如,     

国外军事心理学研究现状分析

为了解国外军事心理学研究的动态和研究领域,本文对1980年至2009年国际军事测量学会（IMTA）发表的论文进行了系统分析。结果显示,军人心理选拔等七个领域的文献数量占总数的85.7%;在近30年的文献中,关键词训练与教育、工作绩效、选拔、工作分析等出现频率最高,超过文献总数的58.0%;在近10年的文献中,关键词选拔、领导力、工作分析、工作绩效、离职和人因素等前8项出现频率最高,合计达70.2%。军人心理选拔、军事领导和组织行为、军事临床心理等方面越来越受到军事心理学研究者的重视。