全文获取类型
收费全文 | 431篇 |
免费 | 30篇 |
专业分类
461篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 3篇 |
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 18篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 22篇 |
2018年 | 33篇 |
2017年 | 31篇 |
2016年 | 35篇 |
2015年 | 11篇 |
2014年 | 12篇 |
2013年 | 38篇 |
2012年 | 9篇 |
2011年 | 8篇 |
2010年 | 4篇 |
2009年 | 3篇 |
2008年 | 5篇 |
2007年 | 3篇 |
2006年 | 4篇 |
2004年 | 3篇 |
2002年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1997年 | 6篇 |
1995年 | 4篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 7篇 |
1972年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 8篇 |
1969年 | 10篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1967年 | 5篇 |
1964年 | 4篇 |
1961年 | 5篇 |
1960年 | 4篇 |
1958年 | 12篇 |
1955年 | 6篇 |
1953年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有461条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
401.
Previous studies have demonstrated that the need for closure (NFC), which refers to an individual’s aversion toward uncertainty and the desire to quickly reduce it, leads to reluctance to invest effort in judgments and decision making. However, we argue that NFC may lead to either an increase or a decrease in effort depending on the availability of easy vs. difficult means to achieve closure and perceived importance of the task goal. We found that when closure could be achieved via both less and more demanding means, NFC was associated with decreased effort unless the task was perceived as important (Study 1). However, when attaining closure was possible via demanding means only, NFC was associated with increased effort, regardless of the task importance (Study 2). Moreover, NFC was related to choosing a more instrumental strategy for the goal of closure, even if this strategy required effort (Study 3). The results are discussed in the light of cognitive energetics theory. 相似文献
402.
403.
Motivated by a question of W. Rautenberg, we prove that any matrix that is term-equivalent to the well-known nonfinitely based matrix of A. Wroski is itself also nonfinitely based. 相似文献
404.
Puzyński S 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(1):135-142
The paper presents major ethical, legal and methodological problems related to the use of placebo in mental disorders, especially
in depression. It is pointed out that although authoritative groups of experts and numerous publications in the field of psychopharmacology
indicate advisability of the double blind design with placebo in clinical trials of antidepressants, in recent years there
have been more and more voices questioning legitimacy of this method. Objections of an ethical nature are raised, and reliability
of this approach is put into doubt from the methodological viewpoint. These issues are discussed in more detail in the paper.
Available alternative solutions should be implemented in psychotropic drug studies. The author shares these objections and
doubts of an ethical nature, and believes that the placebo procedure is not a necessity in clinical trials of antidepressants.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “Placebo: Its Action and Place in Health Research
Today,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 12–13 April, 2003. 相似文献
405.
Switula D 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):147-156
Quality in clinical research may be defined as compliance with requirements together with credibility and reliability of the
data obtained. Sponsors usually apply Quality Management Systems (QMS) to ensure, control, maintain, and improve quality.
These systems encompass several preventive measures, tools, and controls. Standard QMS applied by clinical research sponsors
may be based on ISO 9000.
An earlier version of the paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference on the subject of ‘The Responsible
Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005. 相似文献
406.
Philosophia - Nina Emery and Christopher Hill proposed a pragmatic approach toward the debate about counterpossibles—i.e., counterfactuals with impossible antecedents. The core of this... 相似文献
407.
Gabriela Czarnek Paulina Szwed Małgorzata Kossowska 《European journal of social psychology》2019,49(4):807-823
According to recent studies, people on both the political right and left show prejudice toward groups whose beliefs are in conflict with their own. This prediction applies to both cultural and economic dimensions of political beliefs. In three studies (N = 499) we demonstrate that people on both the cultural and economic right and left show negative attitudes toward groups on the other side of the given spectrum and that underlying this effect is the perception of value violation. In two out of three studies, we manipulated the extremity of target worldviews to further explore the causal chain between political beliefs, the perception of value violation, and prejudice. Our results showed a high degree of symmetry between the political left and right in their attitudes toward groups with dissimilar beliefs. However, although people on both sides of the political spectrum show prejudice toward each other, people on the cultural and economic right seem to be more sensitive to value violations than people on the left. 相似文献
408.
We show that a finitely generated protoalgebraic strict universal Horn class that is filter-distributive is finitely based. Equivalently, every protoalgebraic and filter-distributive multidimensional deductive system determined by a finite set of finite matrices can be presented by finitely many axioms and rules. 相似文献
409.
Michał Bilewicz Dominika Bulska Mikołaj Winiewski Immo Fritsche 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2023,17(9):e12800
Collective authoritarian responses to threat might differ depending on whether people trust collective authorities in reducing threat. Thus, we tested the differential effects of epidemic threat on three facets of right-wing authoritarianism, in Germany (a country with high authorities' efficacy in responses to COVID-19) and Poland (low authorities' efficacy context). Two representative sample longitudinal studies performed in Poland (N = 892) and Germany (N = 883) showed that in Germany feelings of COVID-19 threat explained increases in authoritarian submission and (to a lesser extent) authoritarian aggression, whereas in Poland such feelings of threat explained changes in authoritarian aggression and conventionalism after the pandemic, but did not alter authoritarian submission. These findings suggest that specific authoritarian reactions to threat (submissive vs. conventionalist) might depend on the general trust in authorities' ability to respond to crises. 相似文献
410.
Wacław Sadowski 《Studia Logica》1964,15(1):25-33
Praca ta zostaa wykonana pod kierunkiem prof. drJerzego Supeckiego. Jej szczególny przypadek dotyczcyn-wartociowego rachunku zda o jednej wartoci wyrónionej by referowany w Warszawie na zjedzie Grupy Logiki Instytutu Filozofii i Socjologii PAN. Streszczenie tego referatu [5] zostao wydrukowane w Sprawozdaniach Wydziau Nauk Spoecznych PAN.Allatum est die 19 Aprilis 1963 相似文献