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This research aimed to investigate the time course effect of a moderate steady-state exercise session on response execution and response inhibition using a stop-task paradigm. Ten participants performed a stop-signal task whilst cycling at a carefully controlled workload intensity (40% of maximal aerobic power), immediately following exercise and 30 min after exercise cessation. Results showed that moderate exercise enhances a subjects’ ability to execute responses under time pressure (shorter Go reaction time, RT without a change in accuracy) but also enhances a subjects’ ability to withhold ongoing motor responses (shorter stop-signal RT). The present outcomes reveal that the beneficial effect of exercise is neither limited to motor response tasks, nor to cognitive tasks performed during exercise. Beneficial effects of exercise remain present on both response execution and response inhibition performance for up to 52 min after exercise cessation. 相似文献
115.
Pauline Jivanjee Jean M. Kruzich Lynwood J. Gordon 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(4):435-446
For young people aged 16–24, the transition from adolescence to young adulthood involves predictable and unpredictable changes
and they may encounter challenges in their roles, relationships, and responsibilities. Young people with mental health difficulties
face additional challenges as they and their families navigate this transition. As a result, families commonly experience
anxiety, uncertainty, frustration, and turbulent relationships. After learning to become advocates to secure appropriate services
for their children, in late adolescence and young adulthood, parents are likely to find themselves excluded from their children’s
treatment planning and services. This article reports findings from a recent qualitative study of the experiences and perceptions
of 42 family members supporting their children with mental health difficulties during the transition years. Family members
described their goals for their children, their frustrations trying to access appropriate services for their children, and
their strategies to provide the support their children needed. Recommendations are for service providers to connect transition
age youth with practical assistance and supportive mentoring relationships. Family members requested service providers to
consider them as resources and potential collaborators in supporting young people with mental health difficulties to live
successful lives in the community. 相似文献
116.
Richard Joyce 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(1):53-75
Different versions of moral projectivism are delineated: minimal, metaphysical, nihilistic, and noncognitivist. Minimal projectivism (the focus of this paper) is the conjunction of two subtheses: (1) that we experience morality as an objective aspect of the world and (2) that this experience has its origin in an affective attitude (e.g., an emotion) rather than in perceptual faculties. Both are empirical claims and must be tested as such. This paper does not offer ideas on any specific test procedures, but rather undertakes the important preliminary task of clarifying the content of these subtheses (e.g., what is meant by “objective”? what is meant by “experience”?). Finally, attention is given to the relation between (a) acknowledging that the projectivist account might be true of a token moral judgment and (b) maintaining moral projectivism to be true as a general thesis. 相似文献
117.
James M. Joyce 《Synthese》2007,156(3):537-562
Richard Jeffrey long held that decision theory should be formulated without recourse to explicitly causal notions. Newcomb
problems stand out as putative counterexamples to this ‘evidential’ decision theory. Jeffrey initially sought to defuse Newcomb
problems via recourse to the doctrine of ratificationism, but later came to see this as problematic. We will see that Jeffrey’s
worries about ratificationism were not compelling, but that valid ratificationist arguments implicitly presuppose causal decision
theory. In later work, Jeffrey argued that Newcomb problems are not decisions at all because agents who face them possess
so much evidence about correlations between their actions and states of the world that they are unable to regard their deliberate
choices as causes of outcomes, and so cannot see themselves as making free choices. Jeffrey’s reasoning goes wrong because
it fails to recognize that an agent’s beliefs about her immediately available acts are so closely tied to the immediate causes
of these actions that she can create evidence that outweighs any antecedent correlations between acts and states. Once we
recognize that deliberating agents are free to believe what they want about their own actions, it will be clear that Newcomb
problems are indeed counterexamples to evidential decision theory. 相似文献
118.
Margaret Rosario Joyce Hunter Shira Maguen Marya Gwadz Raymond Smith 《American journal of community psychology》2001,29(1):133-160
A model is proposed and explored that links the coming-out process to the psychological functioning (i.e., self-esteem and distress) and sexual behaviors of gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths recruited from gay-focused community-based and college organizations in New York City. The coming-out process is multidimensional, consisting, as defined here, of involvement in gay/lesbian activities, attitudes toward homosexuality, comfort with homosexuality, self-disclosure of sexual identity to others, and sexual identity. The coming-out dimensions were related to self-esteem, distress, and unprotected sexual behaviors. In addition, the relations between the coming-out dimensions and unprotected sexual behaviors were explained by psychological functioning. In particular, limited involvement in gay/lesbian activities was associated with more unprotected sex. Negative attitudes toward homosexuality were related directly to more unprotected sex, and they were related indirectly to more unprotected sex by means of increasing emotional distress. These and other findings have implications for designing preventive interventions to increase the youths' psychological functioning and reduce their unprotected sexual behaviors. 相似文献
119.
Jehovah's Witnesses' long‐term development presents an interesting case of evolution in line with the “deformation thesis,” an attempt at explaining dramatic shifts in organizational forms, activities, and even beliefs in controversial religious minorities. Derived from resource mobilization tradition, this thesis assumes that radical transformations result from major defensive resource allocation mandated by negative reactions of societal institutions. This is especially the case with reference to the adoption by Jehovah's Witnesses, a millenarian group, of a “disciplined litigation”strategy in the 1940s, a pattern later to be incorporated in religious activities and beliefs of the organization. Today, disciplined litigation and its successor, “vigilant litigation,” seem legitimate ways to adapt to the prevailing religious climate and structure. As such, it can be conceived as a model for defensive moves taken by “younger” controversial religious minorities and reflects the enormous influence of the law and legal systems in shaping minority religions. 相似文献
120.