排序方式: 共有37条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
WM. FAWCETT HILL 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1971,49(8):619-622
The Hill Interaction Matrix represents a system of classifying group process and group progress, which has been empirically derived and systematically researched. Leadership style, group composition, and group development are simultaneously quantified through the use of this matrix. It represents an attempt to objectify the art of group therapy. 相似文献
32.
This study assessed how the patient’s right to receive information and the right to self-determination were followed during
diagnostic testing, according to the perceptions of patients and parents of tested children (group 1, n = 106) and healthcare personnel (group 2, n = 162). Data were collected in three Finnish university hospitals using a questionnaire. Results revealed one between group
difference: patients/parents agreed more strongly than did personnel that self-determination was followed before testing.
Within groups included: patients/parents had stronger agreement that self-determination was followed before testing than after
testing; personnel had stronger agreement about information received after testing than before testing, and they had weaker
agreement about how well self-determination was followed before testing than after testing. Received information was experienced
as similar both before and after testing and by patients/parents and by personnel. Providing adequate time to consider whether
or not to be tested and giving more support to patients after testing would promote the rights of patients. Furthermore, assessment
of personnel characteristics is needed to determine, for example, the kinds of value conflicts that exist between personnel’s
own values and patients’ values. 相似文献
33.
When spiders appear suddenly: spider-phobic patients are distracted by task-irrelevant spiders 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Fear is thought to facilitate the detection of threatening stimuli. Few studies have examined the effects of task-irrelevant phobic cues in search tasks that do not involve semantic categorization. In a combined reaction time and eye-tracking experiment we investigated whether peripheral visual cues capture initial attention and distract from the execution of goal-directed eye movements. Twenty-one spider-phobic patients and 21 control participants were instructed to search for a color singleton while ignoring task-irrelevant abrupt-onset distractors which contained either a small picture of a spider (phobic), a flower (non-phobic, but similar to spiders in shape), a mushroom (non-phobic, and not similar to spiders in shape), or no picture. As expected, patients' reaction times were longer on trials with spider distractors. However, eye movements revealed that this was not due to attentional capture by spider distractors; patients more often fixated on all distractors with pictures, but their reaction times were delayed by longer fixation durations on spider distractors. These data do not support automatic capture of attention by phobic cues but suggest that phobic patients fail to disengage attention from spiders. 相似文献
34.
WM. DAVID SOLOMON 《Midwest Studies In Philosophy》1988,12(1):377-393
35.
Andreas Mühlberger Matthias J Wieser Ramona Kenntner-Mabiala Paul Pauli Brenda K Wiederhold 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2007,10(4):516-522
Evidence exists that virtual worlds reduce pain perception by providing distraction. However, there is no experimental study to show that the type of world used in virtual reality (VR) distraction influences pain perception. Therefore, we investigated whether pain triggered by heat or cold stimuli is modulated by "warm "or "cold " virtual environments and whether virtual worlds reduce pain perception more than does static picture presentation. We expected that cold worlds would reduce pain perception from heat stimuli, while warm environments would reduce pain perception from cold stimuli. Additionally, both virtual worlds should reduce pain perception in general. Heat and cold pain stimuli thresholds were assessed outside VR in 48 volunteers in a balanced crossover design. Participants completed three 4-minute assessment periods: virtual "walks " through (1) a winter and (2) an autumn landscape and static exposure to (3) a neutral landscape. During each period, five heat stimuli or three cold stimuli were delivered via a thermode on the participant's arm, and affective and sensory pain perceptions were rated. Then the thermode was changed to the other arm, and the procedure was repeated with the opposite pain stimuli (heat or cold). We found that both warm and cold virtual environments reduced pain intensity and unpleasantness for heat and cold pain stimuli when compared to the control condition. Since participants wore a head-mounted display (HMD) in both the control condition and VR, we concluded that the distracting value of virtual environments is not explained solely by excluding perception of the real world. Although VR reduced pain unpleasantness, we found no difference in efficacy between the types of virtual world used for each pain stimulus. 相似文献
36.
Wiemer Julian Rauner Milena M. Stegmann Yannik Pauli Paul 《Motivation and emotion》2021,45(2):221-234
Motivation and Emotion - Catastrophizing thoughts may contribute to the development of anxiety, but functional emotion regulation may help to improve treatment. No study so far directly compared... 相似文献
37.
This study used binocular rivalry to examine whether emotionally relevant pictures are processed preferentially in the visual system. Binocular rivalry occurs when two incompatible pictures are presented to both eyes. If the pictures cannot be merged to a single unambiguous percept, binocular rivalry results in an alternation of the two percepts. However, it has been controversial whether emotional picture content can influence a picture's relative predominance. Twenty pairs of emotional and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS) were presented to 45 healthy participants. As hypothesised, emotional pictures significantly predominated over neutral pictures, both with respect to the first percept and the total viewing time across each trial. We conclude that the relative predominance of emotional pictures in binocular rivalry provides further support for the preferential processing of emotional stimuli in the visual system. 相似文献