The authors assessed the substance abuse counseling needs of women in the criminal justice system using interviews (n = 304) and surveys (n = 1,170). On the basis of the results, the authors call for gender‐specific treatment as well as family‐oriented support for women who are mothers. 相似文献
Testing for carrier status for various genetic conditions often takes place during adolescence or young adulthood. This paper
aims to add to the discussion of when is the best time to test through an examination of how the law on medical treatment
of children appears to be used in practice and how a careful examination of legal rulings might shed light upon best practice
in this area. Our focus is on the Gillick ruling (Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech Area Health Authority 1986), which dealt
with consent and confidentiality with respect to the provision of contraceptive advice to under 16-year-olds, but which has
become a general benchmark for consent to medical treatment within UK law. In addition, we draw upon data from a qualitative
research study which indicates potential problems with certain practices in respect of the influence of the Gillick ruling
on carrier testing procedures. We present evidence that in at least some instances, adolescents have reduced capacity to grasp
fully the implications of carrier test results. In the light of our findings we make recommendations for practice concerning
the testing of children and young persons. 相似文献
Sensibility has traditionally been defined as a relation with the world’s exteriority. However, a certain post-husserlian phenomenology tends to reverse this definition and to redefine sensibility as an internal relation that takes place from within the world. This article focuses on this phenomenological concept of “sensibility” in Levinas and Merleau-Ponty and intends to show that this concept rests upon the presupposition of an alternative according to which we would have whether a sensible experience of identity, or an acosmic experience of otherness—whether a wordly experience of the same or a worldless experience of otherness. Yet, by reducing sensibility to the experience of the world’s interiority and rejecting otherness beyond any worldly experience, this conception fails to account for a significant dimension of sensibility—namely, sensibility as the experience of the world’s own otherness, foreignness or exteriority. It is our hope that, from the critical exposition of this alternative, will eventually appear in conclusion the significant part of this forgotten dimension of sensibility.
Cognitive models conceptualize attitudes and beliefs about substance use (SU) as proximal mediators of a variety of risk and protective factors for SU. Researchers have distinguished implicit and explicit cognition, but limited research has examined this distinction in the early stages of SU. The authors' goal was to examine age differences in implicit and explicit SU cognitions to clarify proximal cognitive processes that may be involved in early SU. Alcohol- and cigarette-naive children (N=76; 69.7% male; M age=11.8 years) completed the laboratory-based experiment. Likelihood ratings of costs and benefits of use assessed explicit cognitions, and a priming task assessed implicit cognitions. Regardless of age, children perceived costs of drinking alcohol and smoking as more likely than benefits. This discrepancy was smaller for older children, although this age difference was weaker for costs and benefits of cigarette use. Strong positive implicit alcohol use cognitions were apparent regardless of age. However, age differences were found for implicit cigarette use cognition. Older children were more positive about cigarette use. Findings suggest the importance of distinguishing explicit and implicit cognition for etiological models of early SU. 相似文献
The present study examined the effects of normal aging and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) on visual word recognition. Madden et al. (1999) reported evidence of general slowing of cognitive processes in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients relative to younger adults and healthy older adults using a lexical decision task. It was of interest to determine whether similar effects would be observed in MCI patients relative to healthy younger and older adults. We extended the lexical decision task paradigm developed by Allen et al. (2004b) on younger adults to an examination of the effect(s) of MCI on visual word recognition. Results from the present study showed that healthy older adults and MCI patients performed similarly. That is, both groups took longer than younger adults to process words presented in mixed-case than in consistent-case letters. Mild cognitive impairment patients, however, responded significantly more slowly than healthy older adults across all lexical decision task conditions and showed a trend toward larger case-mixing effects than healthy older adults, which suggests that MCI may result in poorer analytic processing ability. Based on the current findings, evidence of a generalized slowing of cognitive processes using a standard lexical decision task can be expanded to include not only AD patients, but also the preclinical stages of the disease as well. 相似文献
The present study examines the efficacy of a program designed to enhance college students'learning processes and study strategies. The program was organised around a number of letters written by a freshman, Gervásio (Rosário, Nú?ez, & González-Pienda, 2006), telling about his new experiences, troubles, and successes in the university. This intervention program is intended to promote a series of strategies (cognitive, meta-cognitive, and supportive) which allow students to manage their learning processes in a more proficient, successful, and autonomous way. The collected data suggest that students who had the opportunity to follow the program significantly improved their declarative knowledge about learning strategies, reduced their use of surface approaches to study, and extended the newly acquired skills to new and different tasks and assignments. 相似文献
This work compares the sensitivity of five modern analytical techniques for detecting the effects of a design with measures which are partially repeated when the assumptions of the traditional ANOVA approach are not met, namely: the approach of the mixed model adjusted by means of the SAS Proc Mixed module, the Bootstrap-F approach, the Brown-Forsythe multivariate approach, the Welch-James multivariate approach and Welch-James multivariate approach with robust estimators. Previously, Livacic-Rojas, Vallejo and Fernández found out that these methods are comparable in terms of their Type I error rates. The results obtained suggest that the mixed model approach, as well as the Brown-Forsythe and Welch-James approaches, satisfactorily controlled the Type II error rates corresponding to the main effects of the measurement occasions under most of the conditions assessed. 相似文献
The rating scale responses of three groups of men and women to thermal and painful radiant heat stimuli were studied over a 4-week period. Receiver operating characteristic curve parameters were computed for each of the phases of the menstrual cycle. Women with normal menstrual periods experienced a heightened sensitivity to pain during ovulation. This effect was absent in women using oral contraceptive pills and in men. The findings demonstrate that past reports of pain threshold changes in association with menstrual phase were basically sensory effects and not just a result of shifts in the observer’s criteria for reporting pain. In addition, sex differences in pain perception were found only when men were compared with women who were ovulating. 相似文献
Seven parents conducted assessments in an outpatient clinic using a prescribed hierarchy of antecedent and consequence treatment components for their children's problem behavior. Brief assessment of potential treatment components was conducted to identify variables that controlled the children's appropriate behavior. Experimental control via a brief reversal was achieved for 6 of the 7 children, (1 child continued to behave appropriately following initial improvement in behavior). For these 6 children, improved behavior occurred with changes in treatment components. Our results extend previous studies of direct assessment procedures conducted in outpatient clinic settings. 相似文献