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991.
Paula P. Schnurr Avron Spiro III Melanie J. Vielhauer Marianne N. Findler Jessica L. Hamblen 《Journal of Clinical Geropsychology》2002,8(3):175-187
Research on the prevalence of traumatic exposure has tended to focus on younger populations, limiting our knowledge about trauma and its effects in older adults. In this study, lifetime trauma exposure was assessed in a sample of 436 male military veterans of World War II and the Korean Conflict (age 59–92). A clinician-administered screening measure, the Brief Trauma Interview, was developed to assess lifetime exposure to 10 categories of trauma using DSM-IV criteria. PTSD was assessed in interview and questionnaires. Despite a high prevalence of trauma exposure, symptom levels were relatively low. Few men met criteria for current or lifetime PTSD. Secondary analyses found that lifetime symptom severity was higher in men who met the DSM-IV A.2 criterion, in contrast with men who did not meet A.2. Findings indicate that trauma is highly prevalent among older men, although many may be asymptomatic. 相似文献
992.
Paula J. Fite Laura Stoppelbein Leilani Greening 《Journal of child and family studies》2009,18(5):621-629
The risk of rehospitalization after a child receives psychiatric inpatient treatment is generally high. Although disorder-specific
behavior contributes to the need for treatment, other environmental variables may also play a role in the need for inpatient
psychiatric treatment. Therefore, we examined the influence of parenting styles (authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive)
on children’s risk for readmission to an inpatient psychiatric facility. Analyses were conducted with a sample of 80 children
(57 males, 50% Black) ranging from 6 to 12 years of age (mean age = 8.90 years). Race was examined as a moderator of the relation
between parenting style and risk for readmission. Permissive parenting was the only parenting style that was associated with
an increased risk for readmission. The relation between parenting styles and risk for readmission was not moderated by race. 相似文献
993.
Carlo Tomasetto Maria Cristina Matteucci Felice Carugati Patrizia Selleri 《Social Psychology of Education》2009,12(2):191-211
Research on academic learning indicates that many students experience major difficulties with introductory statistics and
methodology courses. We hypothesized that students’ difficulties may depend in part on the fact that statistics tasks are
commonly viewed as related to the threatening domain of math. In two field experiments which we carried out in the ecological
context of introductory statistics courses, the representation of a statistics task administered to undergraduate students
in Psychology (Study 1; n = 127) and Biology (Study 2; n = 166) was manipulated. In both studies we found that students who reported the least favorable prior attainments in math
had their performance thwarted when the task was presented as related to the math domain, whereas no performance impairment
was observed when the task was presented as related to the verbal/linguistic domain. Implications of the findings for the
design and delivery of introductory statistics and research methodology courses are discussed.
相似文献
Carlo TomasettoEmail: |
994.
Dirk Jacobs Marc Swyngedouw Laurie Hanquinet Véronique Vandezande Roger Andersson Ana Paula Beja Horta Maria Berger Mario Diani Amparo Gonzalez Ferrer Marco Giugni Miruna Morariu Katia Pilati Paul Statham 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2009,10(1):67-88
Different European nation-states use the most diverse statistical constructions of foreign origin or ethnic minority populations. Several countries traditionally even shun from producing such data. This makes international comparison a very difficult endeavour. Anyone wanting to perform comparative research on immigrants or (immigrant origin) ethnic minorities in Europe is unavoidably confronted with the most diverse types of national statistical data and has to opt for ad hoc solutions. Attempts at international comparison can thus be very tricky due to data characteristics. It is important that researchers are aware of these problems and do not simply accept data (especially in comparisons) at face value. In this article we embark on a comparative explorative study of the way in which immigrant background and immigration related ethnicity is taken stock of by national statistical institutes in a set of European nation-states. 相似文献
995.
Ferran Casas Mònica González Cristina Figuer Sara Malo 《Applied research in quality of life》2009,4(1):23-45
Young people in Catalonia are studied in order to better understand differences between satisfaction with spirituality and
satisfaction with religion. Results suggest a reactive position on the part of most Spanish youngsters towards traditional
religion; they consider it not very important either for their well-being or to give a sense of meaning to their own lives.
While the importance given to spirituality is clearly higher, the concept seems to have several very different interpretations
among young people. The discussion underlines the importance of discovering young people’s own points of view in order to
understand the meaning they give to religion and spirituality in the context of an ever more rapidly changing society. The
implications for future research and practice are discussed. 相似文献
996.
EMERGENT CONDITIONAL RELATIONS IN A GO/NO‐GO PROCEDURE: FIGURE—GROUND AND STIMULUS‐POSITION COMPOUND RELATIONS
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Paula Debert Edson M. Huziwara Robson Brino Faggiani Maria Eugênia Simões De Mathis William J. McIlvane 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》2009,92(2):233-243
Past research has demonstrated emergent conditional relations using a go/no‐go procedure with pairs of figures displayed side‐by‐side on a computer screen. The present study sought to extend applications of this procedure. In Experiment 1, we evaluated whether emergent conditional relations could be demonstrated when two‐component stimuli were displayed in figure—ground relationships—abstract figures displayed on backgrounds of different colors. Five normally capable adults participated. During training, each two‐component stimulus was presented successively. Responses emitted in the presence of some stimulus pairs (A1B1, A2B2, A3B3, B1C1, B2C2 and B3C3) were reinforced, whereas responses emitted in the presence of other pairs (A1B2, A1B3, A2B1, A2B3, A3B1, A3B2, B1C2, B1C3, B2C1, B2C3, B3C1 and B3C2) were not. During tests, new configurations (AC and CA) were presented, thus emulating structurally the matching‐to‐sample tests employed in typical equivalence studies. All participants showed emergent relations consistent with stimulus equivalence during testing. In Experiment 2, we systematically replicated the procedures with stimulus compounds consisting of four figures (A1, A2, C1 and C2) and two locations (left — B1 and right — B2). All 6 normally capable adults exhibited emergent stimulus—stimulus relations. Together, these experiments show that the go/no‐go procedure is a potentially useful alternative for studying emergent conditional relations when matching‐to‐sample is procedurally cumbersome or impossible to use. 相似文献
997.
Estrella Romero Paula Villar M. ngeles Luengo Jos A. Gmez-Fraguela 《Journal of research in personality》2009,43(4):535-546
Traits and motivational units are two elements of widely acknowledged relevance in personality psychology. In fact, some multi-level models have stressed the differences between traits, which are the most generic and decontextualized units of analysis, and middle-level units, which are more closely related to motivational processes and more contextualized in time, space or specific roles. Personal strivings, which are defined as what people typically intend to do, hold a prominent place among middle-level units. Nevertheless, surprisingly little is still known about the relationship between traits and striving dimensions; likewise, little is known about the inter-relationships between traits, strivings and well-being. In this study, we used the NEO-PI-R, Personal Striving Assessment Packet (PSAP) and various well-being measures (viz., positive affect, negative affect, satisfaction with life and purpose in life) on a sample of 405 adults. We found Neuroticism and Extraversion to be related to perceived efficacy in the struggle for strivings; Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness to relate to striving intensity dimensions, and a variety of striving dimensions to be significantly related to well-being. A joint analysis of traits, strivings and well-being revealed that traits may indirectly affect well-being via specific striving dimensions, although the mediational effects are slight and both traits and strivings appear to make separate significant contributions to the prediction of well-being. Broadly speaking, the results suggest that units of analysis originating from rather disparate traditions should be integrated in order to develop a consilient view of personality levels. 相似文献
998.
Jessica R Bollman Paula K Davis Jennifer Zarcone 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2009,42(4):813-817
This study examined the effectiveness of behavioral skills training in teaching 2 adult women with mild intellectual disabilities to report inappropriate staff‐to‐resident interactions. The reporting skill included making a self‐advocacy response, walking away, and reporting the interaction. Participants' performance was measured during baseline, posttesting, 2‐ and 4‐week follow‐up, and generalization probes in new situations. All participants learned reporting skills, maintained these skills at 2‐ and 4‐week follow‐up, and generalized the skills to novel stimulus situations. 相似文献
999.
Giuseppe Riva Fabrizia Mantovani Claret Samantha Capideville Alessandra Preziosa Francesca Morganti Daniela Villani Andrea Gaggioli Cristina Botella Mariano Alca?iz 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2007,10(1):45-56
Many studies showed the ability of movies and imagery techniques to elicit emotions. Nevertheless, it is less clear how to manipulate the content of interactive media to induce specific emotional responses. In particular, this is true for the emerging medium virtual reality (VR), whose main feature is the ability to induce a feeling of "presence" in the computer-generated world experienced by the user. The main goal of this study was to analyze the possible use of VR as an affective medium. Within this general goal, the study also analyzed the relationship between presence and emotions. The results confirmed the efficacy of VR as affective medium: the interaction with "anxious" and "relaxing" virtual environments produced anxiety and relaxation. The data also showed a circular interaction between presence and emotions: on one side, the feeling of presence was greater in the "emotional" environments; on the other side, the emotional state was influenced by the level of presence. The significance of these results for the assessment of affective interaction is discussed. 相似文献
1000.
Dahlia Ben‐Dat Fisher Lisa A. Serbin Dale M. Stack Paula L. Ruttle Jane E. Ledingham Alex E. Schwartzman 《Infant and child development》2007,16(2):151-170
The present study examined potential intergenerational links that may contribute to atypical patterns of diurnal cortisol secretion in early childhood. Salivary cortisol samples were collected across 1 waking day in 36 pre‐school children whose mothers are participants in an ongoing longitudinal project. Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) identified statistically significant predictors of individual differences in daily cortisol trajectories. Children displayed relatively low post‐awakening values and flatter cortisol trajectories across the day as a function of unsupportive maternal behaviour, second‐hand smoke and maternal histories of social withdrawal in childhood. These results suggest that individual differences in young children's pattern of diurnal cortisol are associated with a variety of current and historical maternal characteristics and behaviours. The identification of intergenerational predictors of children's diurnal neuroendocrine functioning may provide new insights into the transfer of health and developmental risk from parent to child. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献