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121.
The present research examined the developmental course of racial behaviours in childhood. It tested the hypothesis that White children's expressions of racial prejudice do not necessarily decline in middle childhood due to the development of particular cognitive skills but that instead, as argued by the socio-normative approach, children older than seven will go on expressing prejudiced attitudes under appropriate conditions. This would be explained by the presence of an anti-racism norm, along with the existence of values promoting equal rights, which impede blatant expressions of racism. In the first study 283 White children aged 6-7 and 9-10 years performed a task of resource allocation to White and Black target children in conditions of high (White interviewer was present) or low (White interviewer was absent) salience of the anti-racist norm. The 6- to 7-year-old children discriminated against the Black target in both conditions whereas older children discriminated against the Black child only when the anti-racist norm was not salient. In Study 2, 187 White children aged 6-7 and 9-10 years performed the same resource allocation task in conditions of explicit activation of similarity vs dissimilarity or egalitarian vs merit-based norms regarding race relations. Supporting the hypothesis of the role of racist or anti-racist norms on the expression of intergroup discrimination, results have again shown that 6- to 7-year-old children discriminated against the Black target in both conditions while older children presented significantly different prejudiced/nonprejudiced behaviours consistent with the activated norms. These results were discussed in terms of the need for a reanalysis of the assumptions and research results of the cognitive-developmental theory and of further developments in the socio-normative approach regarding the development of prejudice in childhood. 相似文献
122.
Forty young adults, 40 healthy older adults, and 39 probable AD patients were asked to estimate small (e.g., 25) and large (e.g., 60) collections of dots in a choice condition and in two no-choice conditions. Participants could choose between benchmark and anchoring strategies on each collection of dots in the choice condition and were required to use either benchmark or anchoring on all configurations in the no-choice conditions (one per strategy). The benchmark strategy involves visual estimation processes whereas the anchoring strategy involves both enumeration and estimation processes. Results showed that strategy use was influenced by collection, participant, and strategy characteristics. Age-related and dementia-related differences were found in both strategy use and strategy execution. The findings have implications for our understanding of aging effects in approximate quantification, strategic variations in Alzheimer’s patients, and sources of cognitive decline during early stages of Alzheimer’s disease. 相似文献
123.
Gonçalves MM Machado C 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2007,41(3-4):262-71; discussion 326-34
124.
François Guesnet 《Jewish History》2010,24(3-4):257-270
The following essay studies the importance of formal agreements (ugody or kontrakty) between representatives of Jewish communities and Christian burghers in early modern Poland. As a specific genre of legal document, these agreements, or contracts, are a unique source for understanding Jewish-Christian relations and the integration of Jews into local social fabrics. These contracts also reflect the importation and continuity of legal traditions that originated in German territories and arrived in Eastern Central Europe, and they corroborate suggestions that there was significant improvement in the legal status of the Jews in Eastern Europe as opposed to that under which they previously had lived in the West. The ugody document, finally, the emergence of what I have called elsewhere the contractual character of Polish-Jewish relations in the early modern period. (See François Guesnet, “Politik der Vormoderne—Shtadlanut am Vorabend der polnischen Teilungen,” Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 1 (2002), pp. 235–255, and more recently idem, “Political Culture of Polish Jewry: A Tour d’Horizon,” Report of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies 2007–2008, pp. 61–76, 67–68.) 相似文献
125.
Question of the nature of the liability and damage repairable in case of failure in the delivery of health information since 2010 is in the heart of debates. Progressively, there is an autonomy movement of the disclosure and together with a detachment of prejudice to the notion of loss of chance. This information is particularly expected when the practitioner uses a product outside of the authorization for placing on the market. 相似文献
126.
127.
The purpose of this article is to compare the theory and reality of agricultural research networks in sub-Saharan Africa.
Networking is a mode of organization that generally suits the new environmental conditions. The analysis of the agricultural
research network environment in sub-Saharan Africa shows that when institutional networks started to proliferate, human and
institutional conditions were not yet ripe. This explained some of the problems. Nowadays, conditions have improved. Despite
all difficulties, networks have contributed to creating a scientific community, have participated in apportioning and even
harmonizing research activities, and have made it possible to maintain research activities in countries going through a crisis.
Marie de Lattre-Gasquet is a researcher from the Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement
(CIRAD), in France. Within the external relations directorate of CIRAD, she has been responsible for the relationships between
CIRAD and international organizations. She has also actively participated in the preparation of CIRAD’s long-term strategy.
She worked for the International Service for National Agricultural Research (ISNAR) in The Netherlands from 1983 to 1985.
She holds a Master in International Management (AGSIM, Thunderbird Campus) and a Doctorate in Economy (Université de Paris
X).
He is mostly working on the agricultural research networks in sub-Saharan Africa. He holds a diploma from the Institut National
d’Agronomie—Paris Grignon. 相似文献
128.
129.
A patient suffering from a primary myocardiopathy is suddenly no longer able to recognize speech and environmental sounds, in spite of good peripheral hearing; he remains able to speak, read, and write. The C.T. scan shows lesions involving both supratemporal planes. The cortical sensory deficit documented by the absence of late acoustic evoked potentials leads to a diagnosis of cortical deafness rather than of auditory agnosia. 相似文献
130.
Jean-Franois Albanse 《Brain and language》1985,24(2):284-296
Forty English-French bilinguals divided into equal numbers of nonfluent and fluent subjects took part in a dichotic listening test involving both intralingual and interlingual conditions. No difference in lateralization was found between primary and secondary language in either condition. In the intralingual condition, however, fluent bilinguals showed a significantly lower right ear advantage than did their nonfluent counterparts. In the interlingual condition, French-dominant subjects were found to be more ambilateral than English-dominant subjects, while both groups tended to respond preferentially to French words. These results suggest that growing bilingual proficiency does increase left ear/right hemisphere participation, but in intralingual situations only. Moreover, when both languages are contrasted, French appears to be more salient than English. 相似文献