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201.
Leonard H. Epstein Gene G. Abel Frank Collins Lynn Parker Paul M. Cinciripini 《Behaviour research and therapy》1978,16(3):153-160
The relationship between levels of frontalis muscle activity and self-reports of pain was evaluated in two studies. In Study I frontalis muscle activity and self-reports of pain collected during biofeedback treatment of muscular contraction headache clients were correlated. In Study II frontalis EMG activity was increased and decreased using biofeedback techniques while concurrent reports of headache pain were recorded. The results of Study I indicated a significant relationship between EMG activity and reported headache pain for only two of the five subjects studied. The biofeedback procedures in Study II were associated with reliable increases and decreases in EMG activity. Concordance between EMG and pain reports occurred only during the EMG increase condition. Overall correlations were significant for one of the 2 subjects. The results suggest that EMG activity may not be sufficient to account for pain reports in all chronic headache clients, and variables other than EMG activity may be influencing reports of pain in some patients. 相似文献
202.
Paul A. S. Ghuman 《International journal of psychology》1978,13(4):281-294
This research was planned to probe into the nature of cognitive development of four groups of Punjabi children. Children aged 10 to 11 years, belonging to four sub-cultural groups (mainly based on caste) were randomly selected from six primary schools. Following our previous research in this field (Ghuman, 1975) two major hypotheses were set up: (1) The professional group (mainly based on high castes) would be significantly better on a range of cognitive tasks than the other three groups; (2) The Harijans (the lowest caste) would be the most field-dependent group. All the children were tested on a battery of Piagetian tests, a Number test, WISC Block Design and the Coloured Progressive Matrices. The data were analysed by the analysis of variance and t-test techniques. Both the hypotheses were supported. Children's responses on the Piagetian tests were analysed in greater detail and an attempt is made to relate the performance of the children to their social and educational experiences. 相似文献
203.
204.
Bernardo J Carducci Paul C Cozby Charles D Ward 《Journal of experimental social psychology》1978,14(5):449-457
In an attempt to reconcile conflicting results concerning the effects of sexual arousal on interpersonal evaluations, hypotheses based on adaptation level, arousal-need gratification, and labeling of arousal explanations were tested. The variables of sexual arousal, technique of stimulus material presentation, physical attractiveness of the original stimulus female, and physical attractiveness of the final target person being judged were manipulated in a 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 design. A significant three-way interaction (Arousal × Stimulus Attractiveness × Target Attractiveness) obtained on all measures of interpersonal evaluation was interpreted as supporting a labeling of arousal explanation. It is suggested that subjects first interpret their arousal as being caused by their attraction toward the stimulus person. The characteristics of the stimulus person then become a factor used by subjects when they subsequently make judgments of target females. The adaptation-level and arousal-need gratification hypotheses were not supported. 相似文献
205.
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207.
The purpose of this clinical experiment was to investigate the manipulability of a Factor II avoidance response (arm movement). The substantive hypothesis under test was that its suppression would be enhanced by repeated punishment sessions. During the first of nine therapy sessions response-contingent negative stimulation was not delivered. In the next five, after a base-rate period, “wrong” was made consequent upon the target response. In each of these sessions the suppression of arm movement was apparent. However, the magnitude of the suppression decreased from session to session. Evidently, the continued use of punishment did not enhance suppression. Because of this finding procedural changes were introduced in the next three therapy sessions. Verbal praise was added as a consequence of increasingly stringent omission criteria and three consecutive units of praise led to time-out from the reportedly fatiguing task of continuous speech. A marked reduction and then complete extinction resulted. Moreover, learning was evidenced since the frequency of arm movement lessened in the base-rate period of each session. 相似文献
208.
A simple method for producing audio tapes with temporally synchronized messages is described. The duration and spacing of words can be precisely controlled. This method requires a minimum of elaborate equipment, yet synchronization is very accurate with highly intelligible speech. 相似文献
209.
Paul M.G. Emmelkamp Mieke van der Helm Berendien L. van Zanten Ivo Plochg 《Behaviour research and therapy》1980,18(1):61-66
Fifteen obsessive-compulsive patients were given treatment consisting of ten sessions of gradual exposure in vivo. For half of the patients gradual exposure in vivo was preceded by self-instructional training.Treatment resulted in significant improvement on anxiety and avoidance scales, Leyton Obsessional Inventory, Self-rating Depression Scale and on ratings for anxious mood and depression. Neither the post-test nor the follow-ups 1 month and 6 months later indicated a difference between the effects of the two conditions. Self-instructional training did not enhance the effectiveness of gradual exposure in vivo. 相似文献
210.
Philip H. Bornstein Paul J. Bach Miles E. McFall Patrick C. Friman Patricia D. Lyons 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1980,13(1):171-176
Six mentally retarded adults, equally divided into two treatment groups, were provided with individualized social skills training programs. Treatment, evaluated via a multiple-baseline design strategy, was sequentially and cumulatively applied across target behaviors over a four-week intervention period. Behavioral observation probes and social validation measures served as the primary dependent variables. Results indicated that (a) treatment was effective for virtually all behaviors across all subjects, (b) improvements occurred for both training and generalization scenes, and (c) behavioral performance was maintained one month following the termination of treatment. 相似文献