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The transtheoretical model proposes that behavior change is experienced as a series of stages. Interventions tailored to these stages are most likely to be effective in progressing people through the model's hypothesized behavior change continuum. In this study, a stage-tailored, 12-week, exercise behavior intervention based on the transtheoretical model was conducted among a sample of 150 Chinese youth with hearing loss. Participants were randomized into an intervention or control group with all the core transtheoretical model constructs assessed pre- and post-intervention. Participants in the intervention group showed greater advances in their stage of exercise behavior change, decisional balance, and processes of change use compared to those in the control group. The intervention, however, was insufficient for increasing participants' self-efficacy for exercise behavior. The findings partially support the utility of the theory-based intervention for improving the exercise behavior of Chinese youth with hearing loss, while simultaneously helping to identify areas in need of improvement for future applications. 相似文献
854.
Patricia Snell Herzog 《Review of religious research》2011,53(2):227-246
Religious congregations are hypothesized to be a community organization affected by contextual inequalities. Survey and interview
data are analyzed to investigate the type and prevalence of youth programming in a geographic area. Rather than drawing a
sample of religious congregations in the area, the telephone survey was conducted with every congregation located in the three
contiguous cities. Coupled with the high response rate (98.9%), this allows for a unique analysis of a total population of
congregations in the specified area. In-person interviews were also conducted with religious youth ministers sampled from
the broader population of congregations. U.S. Census (American Factfinder, 2000) data on the areas in which the congregations were located was linked to survey and interview data. Results demonstrate contextual
effects in religious youth programming, net of denomination, congregation size, and budget. The availability and type of youth
programming in different locations relates to the inequalities embedded in these contexts. This study indicates that social
disorganization theories apply to religious organizations not in inequalities of the number of congregations located in any
particular area but in inequalities in the level of youth programming density available within those congregations. 相似文献
855.
Roderick P. McDonald 《Psychometrika》2011,76(4):511-536
A distinction is proposed between measures and predictors of latent variables. The discussion addresses the consequences of
the distinction for the true-score model, the linear factor model, Structural Equation Models, longitudinal and multilevel
models, and item-response models. A distribution-free treatment of calibration and error-of-measurement is given, and the
contrasting properties of measures and predictors are examined. 相似文献
856.
There is no doubt that spatial relations aid us in pairing up causes and effects. But when we consider the possibility of qualitatively indiscernible things, it might seem that spatial relations are more than a mere aid – they might seem positively required. The belief that spatial relations are required for causal relations is behind an important objection to Cartesian Dualism, the pairing problem. I argue that the Cartesian can answer this objection by appeal to the possibility of primitive causal relations, a possibility I defend. This topic is of importance beyond the philosophy of mind; the possibility that causal relations might sometimes hold brutely is of general metaphysical importance. I close with a discussion of what Cartesians should say about embodiment, and how that bears on issues of mental causation. 相似文献
857.
Donald Keefer 《Sophia》2011,50(2):303-311
Robert Solomon criticized the philosophy of death for abstracting from human reality to treat our mortality as a collection
of metaphysical puzzles. Nowhere is death less abstract than in our response to the death of our loved ones. The public face
of our response is the memorial service and the eulogies that move us. Our experience of a eulogy can be as cathartic as Aristotle
theorized as part of great tragedy. However, treating the oration as a work of art seems inappropriate; seeking to understand
our engagement in aesthetic terms disrespectful to the grieving. This paper attempts to resolve this paradox by exploring
analogies between the structures of eulogies and those of tragedy, and showing that, rather than traditional aesthetics' "promise
of happiness," our engagement is concerned with the "promise of meaning." Psychological research on the nature of empathy
theorizes that humans are hard-wired to feel the experiences of others and this is undoubtedly at work in our emotional responses
to literature and eulogies. Drawing on the work of Dacher Keltner, the paper argues that the key to the aesthetics of eulogies
and literature lies in their power to invoke our "awe" in response to their words. 相似文献
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Alistair Rolls 《Sophia》2011,50(4):527-541
This paper demonstrates that L'étranger, Camus's famous novel about an outsider, had by as early as 1946 become just as much of an 'insider' in terms of its affiliation
to the Parisian literary tradition. More than an insider simply by virtue of its contemporary place in the French canon, then,
the novel is also intertextually bound to a tradition of oxymoronic poetics dating back to Charles Baudelaire's Paris Spleen (Les Petits poèmes en prose). I shall examine the way in which L'étranger performs its prose poetics, thereby establishing it as exemplary of a Parisian model of modernity. Additionally, the famous
scene on the beach will be considered as a liminal space and as a literary translation of Paris into the desert, which, once
a joke for Paris's relationship to provincial France, became after the Second World War a new allegory for the capital's self-alterity. 相似文献