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991.
Evidence suggests that parental marital discord contributes to the development of internalizing and externalizing symptoms
in children and adolescents. Few studies, however, have examined the association between parental marital discord and youth’s
response to treatment. The present study examined the impact of interparental discord on treatment response in a randomized
control trial of adolescents with major depression enrolled in the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS).
Participants were 260 adolescents from two-parent households randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: fluoxetine
(FLX), cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), their combination (COMB), or placebo (PBO). Logistic regressions revealed that parental
marital discord interacted with youth gender and co-morbid oppositionality symptoms to predict group differences in treatment
response. 相似文献
992.
Kam CM Greenberg MT Bierman KL Coie JD Dodge KA Foster ME Lochman JE McMahon RJ Pinderhughes EE;Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):365-377
This longitudinal study examined processes that mediate the association between maternal depressive symptoms and peer social
preference during the early school years. Three hundred and fifty six kindergarten children (182 boys) and their mothers participated
in the study. During kindergarten, mothers reported their level of depressive symptomatology. In first grade, teachers rated
children’s emotion regulation at school and observers rated the affective quality of mother-child interactions. During second
grade, children’s social preference was assessed by peer nomination. Results indicated that mothers’ level of depressive symptomatology
negatively predicted their child’s social preference 2 years later, controlling for the family SES and teacher-rated social
preference during kindergarten. Among European American families, the association between maternal depressive symptoms and
social preference was partially mediated by maternal warmth and the child’s emotion regulation. Although the relation between
maternal depressive symptoms and children peer preference was stronger among African American families than Europrean American
families, its mediation by the maternal warmth and child’s emotion regulation was not found in African American families. 相似文献
993.
Gerstein ED Pedersen Y Arbona A Crnic KA Ryu E Baker BL Blacher J 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(3):351-364
Children with early developmental delays are at heightened risk for behavior problems and comorbid psychopathology. This study
examined the trajectories of regulatory capabilities and their potentially mediating role in the development of behavior problems
for children with and without early developmental delays. A sample of 231 children comprised of 137 typically developing children
and 94 children with developmental delays were examined during mildly frustrating laboratory tasks across the preschool period
(ages 3–5). Results indicated that children with delays had greater use of maladaptive strategies (distraction, distress venting)
and lower use of adaptive strategies (constructive coping) than typically developing children. For both groups, strategies
had similar rates of growth across time; maladaptive strategies decreased and adaptive strategies increased. The intercept
of strategy use, but not the slope, was found to mediate the relation between developmental risk and externalizing behaviors.
Findings support that dysregulation, rather than the developmental risk, may be responsible for the high levels of comorbid
psychopathology. 相似文献
994.
In light of recent research highlighting the potential effects of children’s behavior on mothers’ mental health, the current
study examined 679 mothers and their adolescent children from a community-based sample to determine the effects of youth psychopathology
on maternal depression and levels of child-related stress in mothers’ lives. It was hypothesized that the number of past clinical
diagnoses in 15-year-old adolescents would predict the presence of maternal depression at youth age 15 and 5 years later,
as well as more episodes of maternal depression during the follow-up period. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that increased
levels of child-related stress in mothers’ lives would mediate these relationships. Regression analyses indicated that past
youth diagnoses do confer risk for the presence of current and future maternal depression, as well as more episodes of maternal
depression, and mediation analyses revealed that child-related acute and chronic stress were mediators of the relationship
between youth diagnoses and the presence of maternal depression at follow-up. Findings suggest that increased levels of child-related
objective stress in mothers’ lives are one mechanism by which children’s psychopathology affects mothers’ future risk for
depression. 相似文献
995.
This research examines the relationship between behavioural inhibition (BI), family environment (overinvolved and negative
parenting, parental anxiety and parent-child attachment) and anxiety in a sample of 202 preschool children. Participants were
aged between 3 years 2 months and 4 years 5 months, 101 were male. A thorough methodology was used that incorporated data
from multiple observations of behaviour, diagnostic interviews and questionnaire measures. The results showed that children
categorised as behaviourally inhibited were significantly more likely to meet criteria for a range of anxiety diagnoses. Furthermore,
a wide range of family environment factors, including maternal anxiety, parenting and attachment were significantly associated
with BI, with inhibited children more likely to experience adverse family environment factors. No interactions between temperament
and family environment were found for child anxiety. However, a significant relationship between current maternal anxiety
and child anxiety was found consistently even after controlling for BI. Additionally, there was some evidence of a relationship
between maternal negativity and child anxiety, after controlling for BI. The results may suggest that temperament and family
environment operate as additive, rather than interactive risk factors for child anxiety. This is discussed in the context
of theoretical models of child anxiety and directions for future research. 相似文献
996.
This study examines factors that influence memory for details about people. In two experiments, subjects learned fictitious
details about familiar (friends, relatives) and/or unfamiliar individuals, and were tested both immediately and after a 1-week
delay. To control for a confounding between familiarity and genetic relatedness in Experiment 1, in Experiment 2 specific relationships (identical twin, first cousin, acquaintance) were assigned to unfamiliar individuals. Across experiments,
retention was enhanced for familiar compared to unfamiliar individuals, for friends/acquaintances compared to relatives, for
more closely than distantly related individuals, and for individuals of the opposite gender as the subject. 相似文献
997.
998.
Kelly AJ Dux PE 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(6):1867-1873
To study the temporal dynamics and capacity-limits of attentional selection and encoding, researchers often employ the attentional blink (AB) phenomenon: subjects' impaired ability to report the second of two targets in a rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) stream that appear within 200-500 ms of one another. The AB has now been the subject of hundreds of scientific investigations, and a variety of different dual-target RSVP paradigms have been employed to study this failure of consciousness. The three most common are those where targets are defined categorically from distractors; those where target definition is based on featural information; and those where there is a set switch between T1 and T2, with the first target typically being featurally defined and T2 requiring a detection or discrimination judgment (probe task). An almost universally held assumption across all AB theories is that these three tasks measure the same deficit; however here, using an individual differences approach, we demonstrate that AB magnitude is only related across categorical and featural tasks. Thus, these paradigms appear to reflect a distinct cognitive limitation from that observed under set-switch conditions. 相似文献
999.
Aksentijevic A Barber PJ Elliott MA 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(5):1628-1642
Advances in auditory research suggest that gamma-band synchronization of frequency-specific cortical loci could be responsible for the integration of pure tones (harmonics) into harmonic complex tones. Thus far, evidence for such a mechanism has been revealed in neurophysiological studies, with little corroborative psychophysical evidence. In six experiments, we observed a rate- and time-specific response-time advantage for a sequence of target pips when the defining frequency of the target was a fractional multiple of a priming frequency. The effect was only observed when the prime and target sequences were presented at 33 pips per second and when the interstimulus interval was approximately 100 and 250 ms. This evidence implicates oscillatory gamma-band activity in the representation of harmonic complex tones and suggests that synchronization with precise temporal characteristics is important for disambiguating related harmonic templates. An outline of a model is presented, which accounts for these findings in terms of fast resynchronization of relevant neuronal assemblies. 相似文献
1000.
Adaptive self-regulatory responses to negative events are associated with good mental health, social functioning, and physical
health. Two forms of emotion regulation that have received attention within the context of anger are cognitive reappraisal
and expressive suppression. Research suggests that greater heart rate variability (HRV) is a physiological indicator of adaptive
emotion regulation and decreased mental load. In the present experiment, we recorded HRV while 131 undergraduate women viewed
an anger-inducing video of a fellow student arguing for a position counter to that of the participant on an important political
issue. Immediately prior to viewing, participants were instructed to reappraise, suppress their emotions, or simply watch
the video as normal. Participants in the reappraisal condition showed increased HRV whereas those in the suppression and control
condition showed no such increase. These results provide support for increased HRV as a biological correlate of adaptive emotion
regulation. One implication is that cognitive reappraisal might afford greater autonomic flexibility when an individual is
confronted with anger-inducing events. 相似文献