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891.
I identify the objectionable element in theocracy, not with reliance on God as such, nor with the idea that God might have
something to do with morality, but with the anti-human propensity to issue orders without communicating good reasons for them.
In medieval discussion prohibitions not based on good reasons attracted the labelmalum quia prohibitum, bad because forbidden and I take this to be the criterion of theocracy in its objectionable form. I examine, in part of
the Vatican’s doctrine against contraception, a persistent tendency towards this approach, a tendency incompatible with the
tradition of the Church and ultimately incompatible even with the thirteenth century discussion of such issues in the work
of Thomas Aquinas. 相似文献
892.
893.
Two logics L1 and L2 are negatively equivalent if for any set of formulas X and any negated formula ¬, ¬ can be deduced from the set of hypotheses X in L1 if and only if it can be done in L2. This article is devoted to the investigation of negative equivalence relation in the class of extensions of minimal logic.The author acknowledges support by the Alexander von Humboldt-StiftungPresented by Jacek Malinowski 相似文献
894.
895.
This paper considers a new class of agent dynamic logics which provide a formal means of specifying and reasoning about the agents activities and informational, motivational and practical aspects of the behaviour of the agents. We present a Hilbert-style deductive system for a basic agent dynamic logic and consider a number of extensions of this logic with axiom schemata formalising interactions between knowledge and commitment (expressing an agent s awareness of her commitments), and interactions between knowledge and actions (expressing no learning and persistence of knowledge after actions). The deductive systems are proved sound and complete with respect to a Kripke-style semantics. Each of the considered logics is shown to have the small model property and therefore decidable.Presented by Ewa Orlowska 相似文献
896.
Since 1915, statisticians have been applying Fisher'sZ-transformation to Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. We offer new geometric interpretations of this transformation. 相似文献
897.
By regarding the latent random vectors as hypothetical missing data and based on the conditional expectation of the complete-data
log-likelihood function in the EM algorithm, we investigate assessment of local influence of various perturbation schemes
in a nonlinear structural equation model. The basic building blocks of local influence analysis are computed via observations
of the latent variables generated by the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm, while the diagnostic measures are obtained via the
conformal normal curvature. Seven perturbation schemes, including some perturbation schemes on latent vectors, are investigated.
The proposed procedure is illustrated by a simulation study and a real example.
Acknowledgment: This research is fully supported by a grant (CUHK 4243/02H) from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong
Special Administration Region. The authors are indebted to ICPSR and the relevant funding agency for allowing use of their
data, and to the Editor and reviewers for their valuable comments for improving the paper. 相似文献
898.
899.
Stemberger JP 《Brain and language》2004,90(1-3):413-422
Models of speech production differ on whether phonological neighbourhoods should affect processing, and on whether effects should be facilitatory or inhibitory. Inhibitory effects of large neighbourhoods have been argued to underlie apparent anti-frequency effects, whereby high-frequency default features are more prone to mispronunciation errors than low-frequency nondefault features. Data from the original SLIPs experiments that found apparent anti-frequency effects are analysed for neighbourhood effects. Effects are facilitatory: errors are significantly less likely for words with large numbers of neighbours that share the characteristic that is being primed for error ("friends"). Words in the neighbourhood that do not share the target characteristic ("enemies") have little effect on error rates. Neighbourhood effects do not underlie the apparent anti-frequency effects. Implications for models of speech production are discussed. 相似文献
900.
Effects of orthographic and phonological word length on memory for lists shown at RSVP and STM rates
Coltheart V Mondy S Dux PE Stephenson L 《Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition》2004,30(4):815-826
This article reports 3 experiments in which effects of orthographic and phonological word length on memory were examined for short lists shown at rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) and short-term memory (STM) rates. Only visual-orthographic length reduced RSVP serial recall, whereas both orthographic and phonological length lowered recall for STM lists in Experiment 1. Word-length effects may arise from output processes or from the temporal duration of output in recall. In 2 further experiments, output demands were reduced through the use of a recognition test. Recognition accuracy was impaired only by orthographic length for RSVP lists and by phonological length for STM lists in both experiments. The results demonstrate 2 item length effects not simply attributable to increased output time in recall, and implications for theories of STM are considered. 相似文献