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151.
C. H. Patterson 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1996,74(3):227-231
Multicultural counseling has been a major source of diversity. Recently, however, it has been recognized that multicultural counseling is generic in nature, and therefore that all counseling is multicultural. Thus multiculturalism has joined the movement toward a universal system of counseling. 相似文献
152.
Previous research (e.g., Wong & Weisstein, 1984a, 1985) has shown that flickering stimuli appear to be more distant than nonflickering stimuli at the same physical distance. Given this relation between flicker and perceived depth, inappropriate constancy scaling theories predict that flickering stimuli should be perceived as larger than nonflickering ones. In contrast, links between flicker and motion perception suggest that flickering stimuli should be perceived as smaller than nonflickering ones. Two experiments tested these contrasting predictions. In Experiment 1, 22 subjects compared flickering and nonflickering vertical lines and reported that the flickering stimulus appeared significantly smaller than the nonflickering one. In Experiment 2, 21 subjects reported that the stimuli used in Experiment 1 produced depth effects similar to those reported in previous experiments: flickering stimuli were perceived as more distant than nonflickering ones. The observed effect of flicker on perceived size was contrary to predictions from inappropriate constancy scaling theory, but consistent with views that motion and flicker are processed by the same pathway. 相似文献
153.
Robert Patterson Ron Cayko G. Larry Short Rita Flanagan Linda Moe Eloise Taylor Pam Day 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1995,57(6):891-897
In this study, we investigated temporal integration of disparity information for crossed and uncrossed stereopsis. Across three experiments, exposure duration thresholds were measured for stereoscopic stimuli created from dynamic random-dot stereograms. In Experiment 1, an investigation of disparity detection showed that detection thresholds were equal for the crossed and uncrossed directions. In Experiment 2, an examination of duration limits for depth perception showed that critical durations were lower, and depth more veridical, for crossed depth than for uncrossed depth. In Experiment 3, an investigation of depth discrimination revealed that discrimination thresholds were lower for crossed depth than for uncrossed depth. These results suggest that crossed and uncrossed mechanisms differ in terms of their temporal integration properties at processing levels involving the computation and discrimination of depth. 相似文献
154.
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156.
S A Brown P W Vik J R McQuaid T L Patterson M R Irwin I Grant 《Journal of abnormal psychology》1990,99(4):344-348
We examined the relation between stressful life events and drinking outcome among 129 male alcoholics who had completed an alcohol treatment program. Life events were assessed for the year prior to treatment and for the 3 months after treatment and were rated on the Psychiatric Epidemiology Research Interview and the Contextual Rating System. Approximately 40% of the pretreatment stressors were found to be directly or indirectly related to alcohol use. When stressors related to drinking were excluded from consideration, we found that men who returned to drinking after treatment experienced more severe or highly threatening stress before their relapse than men who remained abstinent during the follow-up period. These data suggest that although less severe stress may not increase risk for relapse, acute severe stressors and highly threatening chronic difficulties may be associated with elevated relapse risk. 相似文献
157.
The effects of muscle tension on cerebral circulation in blood-phobic and non-phobic subjects 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jonathan Foulds Klaus Wiedmann James Patterson Neil Brooks 《Behaviour research and therapy》1990,28(6):481-486
This study aimed to assess whether (1) a muscle tensing procedure which has been found to be useful in the treatment of blood-phobic patients produces an increase in heart rate and cerebral blood flow and (2) whether this increase is greater than that produced by mental effort alone. Subjects were 17 volunteers with a history of fainting in response to blood-injury stimuli, (12 were phobic) and 8 volunteers with no fainting history. They were required to (a) rest, (b) do mental arithmetic, and (c) repeatedly tense and release their arm and leg muscles. It was found that Ss, heart rate and cerebral blood flow velocity were significantly greater during the muscle tensing procedure than during mental arithmetic or resting conditions. The increased cerebral blood flow produced by muscle tensing may enable blood phobic patients to prevent fainting during exposure treatment. 相似文献
158.
J K McCormack T W Patterson C D Ohlde N J Garfield A H Schauer 《Journal of personality assessment》1990,54(3-4):628-638
This study investigated the systems of Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) configural interpretation of Skinner and Jackson (1978) and Kunce (1979) with Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MMPI profiles of four groups differing in combat exposure were compared on four MMPI configural variables from Kunce (1979) and Skinner and Jackson (1978). The four groups were (a) PTSD sufferers, (b) Vietnam combat veterans without PTSD, (c) Vietnam noncombat veterans, and (d) Vietnam era veterans. All groups were further divided into hospitalized versus nonhospitalized subgroups. Dependent variables were Skinner and Jackson's (a) sociopathic modal profile, (b) neurotic profile, (c) psychotic profile, and (d) Kunce's emotional expression (enthusiastic-reserved) dimension. Results indicated that hospitalized PTSD subjects had significantly higher scores on Skinner and Jackson's neurotic profile; both hospitalized and nonhospitalized PTSD subjects had higher scores on the psychotic profile and were more "reserved" on Kunce's emotional expression dimension. Results were interpreted in terms of configural MMPI interpretation systems and the adjustment of Vietnam veterans with PTSD. PTSD was viewed as exhibiting cognitive, somatic, and affective features. 相似文献
159.
Suicide ideation among the homeless is 10 times more common than in the general population. Cognitive theories of depression and hopelessness propose to explain suicidality; however, as yet, none of these fully account for the phenomenon. Shneidman has suggested a theory of psychache or unbearable psychological pain to explain suicidality. This theory has found support among low-risk populations but has not been extensively tested within a high-risk population. The current research assessed the utility of psychache among men who are homeless (N = 97). In support of Shneidman's theory, analyses revealed that psychache was a stronger predictor of suicide ideation than was depression, hopelessness, or life meaning. 相似文献
160.
Meagan M. Patterson 《Sex roles》2012,67(7-8):422-434
This study examined relations among self-perceived gender typicality, gender-typed attributes, and gender stereotype endorsement with a sample of elementary-school-aged children (N?=?100, ages 6–12) from the Midwestern United States. Children who perceived themselves as more gender-typical were more interested in same-gender-typed activities and occupations and less interested in other-gender-typed activities and occupations than children who perceived themselves as less gender-typical. Gender typicality was linked to gender stereotype endorsement, as predicted based on Liben and Bigler’s (2002) dual-pathway model of gender development, with children who perceived themselves as less gender-typical having more egalitarian (less stereotyped) attitudes than children who perceived themselves as more gender-typical. The observed relations between gender-typed attributes and self-perceived gender typicality and between self-perceived gender typicality and gender stereotype endorsement did not differ across gender or age. These findings indicate that even young elementary-school-aged children use their knowledge of cultural gender roles to make subjective judgments regarding the self, and, conversely, that views of the self may influence personal endorsement of cultural gender stereotypes. Although the majority of extant research has focused on negative outcomes associated with low self-perceived gender typicality (e.g., low self-esteem), this research indicates that positive outcomes (e.g., flexible gender role attitudes) may also be associated with low self-perceived gender typicality. 相似文献