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141.
Patrizio Contu 《Synthese》2006,148(3):573-588
The proof-theoretic analysis of logical semantics undermines the received view of proof theory as being concerned with symbols
devoid of meaning, and of model theory as the sole branch of logical theory entitled to access the realm of semantics. The
basic tenet of proof-theoretic semantics is that meaning is given by some rules of proofs, in terms of which all logical laws
can be justified and the notion of logical consequence explained. In this paper an attempt will be made to unravel some aspects
of the issue and to show that this justification as it stands is untenable, for it relies on a formalistic conception of meaning
and fails to recognise the fundamental distinction between semantic definitions and rules of inference. It is also briefly
suggested that the profound connection between meaning and proofs should be approached by first reconsidering our very notion
of proof. 相似文献
142.
143.
Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology - Neurofeedback (NF) as a treatment for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been evaluated in several trials, but the specificity... 相似文献
144.
Enrico Rubaltelli Sara Scrimin Ughetta Moscardino Giulia Priolo Giulia Buodo 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2018,109(4):656-673
Terrorist attacks have a destabilizing impact on the general population, causing distress and fear. However, not all individuals are equally susceptible to the effects of terror threat. This study aimed to examine whether exposure to terrorism-related pictures interacted with individual differences in environmental sensitivity and psychophysiological response to stress to explain people's risk perception, operationalized as perceived likelihood of a terrorist attack and willingness to trade off one's privacy to increase national security. Ninety-five university students were randomly assigned to one of two conditions (terrorism-related vs. neutral pictures). After watching the pictures, they answered questions concerning risk perception and completed questionnaires. Stress was induced by the Mannheim Multicomponent Stress Test, during which heart rate was recorded. Results showed that the perceived likelihood of future attacks was affected by the interaction between exposure to terrorism pictures and psychophysiological reactivity to stress, whereas willingness to trade off one's privacy to improve national security was influenced by the interaction between exposure to terrorism pictures and environmental sensitivity. The study suggests that individuals high in sensitivity and psychophysiological stress reactivity are particularly affected by terrorism-related pictures. Psychologists should direct their efforts to raise general awareness of the negative effects, especially for some people, of such media coverage. 相似文献
145.
Maurizio Gallucci Maria Elena Di Battista Giuseppe Battistella Chiara Falcone Patrizia Silvia Bisiacchi Enrico Di Giorgi 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2018,25(4):550-560
Most of the studies about conversion from Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia have focused on amnestic MCI (aMCI) which is considered a preclinical phase of Alzheimer’s disease. The aim of the present study was to identify neuropsychological tools that would best predict conversion from aMCI to dementia. Fifty-five aMCI subjects on the Treviso Dementia Registry were investigated. They underwent a neuropsychological evaluation during their first assessment and again at follow-up. Cox proportional-hazard regression models were created to measure the association between the dependent variable (dementia diagnosis or MCI status maintenance) and the neuropsychological test scores at baseline. The sample (28 women and 27 men; mean age 76.82 ± 5.88 years; education 7.62 ± 3.99 years) was observed for an average time of 2.17 ± 1.25 years. A Cox backward stepwise regression showed that the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, Delayed Recall (p = .041) and Semantic Verbal Fluency tests (p = .031) appear to be useful in predicting conversion to dementia. 相似文献
146.
147.
148.
Ulf Zackariasson 《Sophia》2011,50(1):11-23
When confronted with the question of which philosophical conception of religion to consider most adequate, many philosophers
appeal to what I call the adequacy-argument: that we should prefer the one that looks most adequate from the perspective of religious believers. In this paper, I provide
a critique of the adequacy-argument based on a pragmatic analysis of adequacy-judgments according to which reflective adequacy-judgments
are forward-looking, and hence include considerations of the consequences of adopting different judgments as guides for conduct.
It is this forward-looking character that is virtually absent within the current adequacy-debate. The major advantage of a
pragmatic analysis of adequacy is itself forward-looking: it would enable philosophers of religion to play a more critical
and constructive role vis-à-vis religious practices than presently. 相似文献
149.
Berglund K Roman E Balldin J Berggren U Eriksson M Gustavsson P Fahlke C 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2011,52(3):257-260
The existence of an "addictive" personality has been extensively debated. The current study investigated personality in male individuals with excessive alcohol consumption (n=100) in comparison to a population-based control group (n=131). The individuals with excessive alcohol consumption were recruited by advertisements in a regional daily newspaper and controls from a population based Swedish Twin Registry. Personality was assessed by the Karolinska Scales of Personality (KSP). Comparisons were made with normative data. Furthermore, by using a multivariate projection-based approach (Principal Component Analysis; PCA), hidden structures of traits and possible relationships among the individuals with excessive consumption and the controls was investigated. The individuals with excessive alcohol consumption as well as the controls had mean values within the normative range in all scales of the KSP. Moreover, the PCA analysis revealed no systematic between-group separation. Taken together, this result demonstrates that male individuals with excessive alcohol consumption do not have a personality different from that of a general population, which supports the notion of no "addictive personality". 相似文献
150.
We explore paternal social anxiety as a specific risk factor for childhood social anxiety in a rational optimization model.
In the course of human evolution, fathers specialized in external protection (e.g., confronting the external world) while
mothers specialized in internal protection (e.g., providing comfort and food). Thus, children may instinctively be more influenced
by the information signaled by paternal versus maternal behavior with respect to potential external threats. As a result,
if fathers exhibit social anxiety, children interpret it as a strong negative signal about the external social world and rationally
adjust their beliefs, thus becoming stressed. Under the assumption that paternal signals on social threats are more influential,
a rational cognitive inference leads children of socially anxious fathers to develop social anxiety, unlike children of socially
anxious mothers. We show in the model that mothers cannot easily compensate for anxious paternal behavior, but choose to increase
maternal care to maintain the child’s wellbeing. We discuss research directions to test the proposed model as well as implications
for the prevention and treatment of child social anxiety. 相似文献