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891.
Due to the works of Wann and colleagues, spectators' identification with teams has taken on a central role in the study of sports spectators' thought and behavior. However, no research in this area has measured identification with sports teams in the French context. Two studies attempted to develop a valid and reliable French version of the Sport Spectator Identification Scale (SSIS) developed by Wann and Branscombe in 1993 to measure team identification. In Study 1, 200 physical education students completed a French translation of the SSIS and several questions concerning their involvement, investment, and evaluation of the team's future performance. Results showed that the French translation of the SSIS is a reliable and one-dimensional instrument: strong relationships were found between identification with professional French teams and these variables. In Study 2, 143 physical education students completed the SSIS with a National sport team as the target team. Results confirmed the psychometric properties of the scale and indicated that persons who strongly identify with the National soccer team reported more involvement with the team and were more optimistic about future performances than persons low in identification. 相似文献
892.
Patrick Maynard 《Philosophical Studies》2007,135(1):111-121
Cynthia Freeland’s investigation of four kinds of ‘fidelity’ in portraiture is cut across by more general philosophical concerns.
One is about what might be called the expression of persons--the persons or ‘inner selves’ of portrait subjects and of portrait
artist: whether either is possible across each of the four kinds of fidelity, and whether these two kinds of expression are
in tension. More fundamental is the problem of telling how self-expression is at all possible in any of these forms. Finally,
she wonders how photography affects all these questions. This comment addresses portraiture not so much in terms of the four
fidelities, but with another quartet of concepts: four ordinary types of ‘display’, in terms of which we see how artists’
self-expression is possible in all these forms, also including photography. Its key idea is that portraits are displays simply
by being pictures or sculptures, which are kinds of artifacts, hence things that we perceive as having intentional affordance:
that is, as being intentionally made ‘for’ something.
相似文献
Patrick MaynardEmail: |
893.
Van Yperen NW 《Anxiety, stress, and coping》2007,20(4):409-419
This research expands on previous research by arguing and demonstrating that high perceived competence buffers the detrimental effects of an evaluative situation. In Study 1 (n=75, 38.7% male), the situation (evaluative vs. non-evaluative) and perceived competence (high vs. low) were manipulated, whereas in Study 2 (n=42, 33.3% male), perceived competence relied on naturally occurring differences in perceived competence. The results of Study 1 indicate that people may underachieve in an evaluative situation. More importantly, in Study 2 it was demonstrated that such an evaluative situation had only a negative effect on test performance among individuals low in perceived competence. The occurrence of task-irrelevant interfering thoughts during task completion accounted for this inimical effect of an evaluative situation on test performance among these individuals. 相似文献
894.
895.
Daisha J. Cipher Anita K. Kurian Kimberly G. Fulda Richard Snider Johann Van Beest 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):102-112
Patients undergoing rehabilitation have been evidenced to improve in different ways depending on their coping styles. Amplifiers,
Repressors, and Social Copers are examples of patients who present differently in rehabilitation settings and tend to have
differing levels of success in their response to treatment. The current study examined the differential treatment outcomes
of three coping style groups undergoing multidisciplinary rehabilitation. A sample of 59 patients suffering from injuries
associated with chronic pain were assessed using the Multidimensional Pain Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Beck
Anxiety Inventory before, during, and after multidisciplinary pain management treatment. Coping style groups derived from
the Millon Behavioral Medicine Diagnostic consisting of Amplifiers, Repressors, and Social Copers were compared with regard
to reductions in depression, anxiety, pain, functional impairment, and associated outcomes. Repeated measures ANOVA revealed
that Amplifiers, Repressors, and Social Copers had varying levels of success in the treatment program. Hierarchical linear
modeling analyses revealed the coping style groups to have significantly different change curves from pre to post-treatment
in depression, anxiety, pain severity, functional impairment, affective distress, life control, social support, and soliciting
help from others. These findings support prior research emphasizing the value of tailoring treatments in rehabilitation settings
toward patients’ coping styles in order to maximize outcomes.
A program (provided in either SAS or SPSS syntax) that will compute MBMD coping style group membership will be provided upon
request. Request by e-mail to: dcipher@hsc.unt.edu or by fax to: +1-817-7352270. 相似文献
896.
Joel O. Goldberg Heather Wheeler Tobi Lubinsky Jessica Van Exan 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2007,14(1):98-106
This article outlines an 8-week curriculum that was created to help outpatients develop cognitive and behavioral skills for coping with delusions and hallucinations as well as to reduce patients’ comorbid subjective levels of distress (e.g., depression, anxiety). The manualized protocol consisted of psychoeducation and training in a variety of CBT skills that have shown promise in treating individuals with residual psychosis, using recovery-oriented “naturalistic” methods and culminating in the creation of an individualized “tool kit” of cognitive coping resources. A preliminary study of the effectiveness of this brief group-based CBT program for outpatients with chronic, residual symptoms of schizophrenia was conducted. Participants were 24 outpatients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were stable on medications and connected to case management community follow-up. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale for Schizophrenia interview and the Symptom Checklist-90 self-report symptom scales were administered pre- and post-intervention. The results suggest that there were significant improvements in psychotic symptoms and self-reported distress from pre- to posttreatment. 相似文献
897.
Patrick H Knee CR Canevello A Lonsbary C 《Journal of personality and social psychology》2007,92(3):434-457
Self-determination theory posits 3 basic psychological needs: autonomy (feeling uncoerced in one's actions), competence (feeling capable), and relatedness (feeling connected to others). Optimal well-being results when these needs are satisfied, though this research has traditionally focused on individual well-being outcomes (e.g., E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 2000). Three studies examined the role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being. Study 1 found that fulfillment of each need individually predicted both individual and relationship well-being, with relatedness being the strongest unique predictor of relationship outcomes. Study 2 found that both partners' need fulfillment uniquely predicted one's own relationship functioning and well-being. Finally, in Study 3, the authors used a diary recording procedure and tested a model in which the association between need fulfillment and relationship quality was mediated by relationship motivation. Those who experienced greater need fulfillment enjoyed better postdisagreement relationship quality primarily because of their tendency to have more intrinsic or autonomous reasons for being in their relationship. 相似文献
898.
In this study, we examined the validity of the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) Aggression (AGG) scales and Violence Potential index (VPI) in 399 male combat veterans presenting for formal evaluation of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The AGG scales exhibited convergence with other measures of hostility and violence and demonstrated discriminant validity with alternative constructs. When we examined reports of interpersonal violence in the past year, the AGG composite scale displayed substantial incremental validity over the effects of PTSD severity, demographics, a simple dichotomous question regarding violence in the past 30 days, and MMPI-2 (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham, Tellegen, & Kaemmer, 1989) scales measuring aggression. The VPI, however, added no unique explanatory power over the AGG composite scale. 相似文献
899.
Development and validation of the cognitive style indicator 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The authors describe the development and validation of the Cognitive Style Indicator (CoSI) using 3 diverse samples (N = 5,924; N = 1,580; and N = 635). Reliability, item, and factor analyses demonstrated the internal consistency and homogeneity of 3 cognitive styles: knowing, planning, and creating. The authors also found substantial support for the instrument's convergent and discriminant validity by including other cognitive style instruments and personality and academic performance measures in the validation process. Criterion-related validity was confirmed by examination of the relation between these cognitive styles and work-related characteristics. The main contributions of this study are (a) the further refinement of the analytic-intuitive cognitive style dimension by splitting the analytic pole in a knowing and a planning style and (b) the development of a valid and reliable cognitive style instrument for use in organizations. 相似文献
900.
Bouckenooghe D Vanderheyden K Mestdagh S Van Laethem S 《The Journal of psychology》2007,141(6):605-625
Can personality traits account for the handling of internal conflicts? The authors explored how individual differences in information-processing style affect coping patterns displayed before making important decisions. Need for cognition and need for cognitive closure were linked to the major tendencies identified in the conflict theory of decision making: vigilance, hypervigilance, and defensive avoidance (buck passing and procrastination). A sample of 1,119 Belgian human resource professionals completed the Melbourne Decision Making Questionnaire, the 18-item short-form Need for Cognition Scale, and the Need for Closure Inventory. Ordinary least squares regression analysis indicated that significant relationships existed between need for cognition, need for closure, and conflict decision-making styles. The authors also found significant effects of gender and age. 相似文献