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241.
In The Foundations of Mind, Jean Mandler describes how perceptual analysis provides a mechanism that allows infants to begin their journey into conceptual life, and subsequently to enter the advanced worlds of conceptual systems, memory, language, and consciousness. This review provides an overview of Mandler's theoretical position, celebrates her accomplishments, and supports the claim that The Foundations of Mind is a “must read” for all developmental scientists. 相似文献
242.
Thanujeni Pathman Marina Larkina Melissa M. Burch Patricia J. Bauer 《Journal of cognition and development》2013,14(1):120-140
Remembering the temporal information associated with personal past events is critical for autobiographical memory, yet we know relatively little about the development of this capacity. In the present research, we investigated temporal memory for naturally occurring personal events in 4-, 6-, and 8-year-old children. Parents recorded unique events in which their children participated during a 4-month period. At test, children made relative recency judgments and estimated the time of each event using conventional time scales (time of day, day of week, month of year, and season). Children also were asked to provide justifications for their time-scale judgments. Six- and 8-year-olds, but not 4-year-olds, accurately judged the order of two distinct events. There were age-related improvements in children's estimation of the time of events using conventional time scales. Older children provided more justifications for their time-scale judgments compared with younger children. Relations between correct responding on the time-scale judgments and provision of meaningful justifications suggest that children may use that information to reconstruct the times associated with past events. The findings can be used to chart a developmental trajectory of performance in temporal memory for personal past events and have implications for our understanding of autobiographical memory development. 相似文献
243.
Patricia J. Bauer 《Journal of cognition and development》2013,14(2):257-258
At the third biennial meeting of the Cognitive Development Society, held in San Diego, California, in October 2005, the Society was pleased to announce the winner of the first Best Authored Book Award. The volume selected for the award was Susan Gelman's The Essential Child: Origins of Essentialism in Everyday Thought (2003, Oxford University Press). The Best Authored Book Award was initiated by the third President of the Society, Susan Goldin-Meadow (2003-2005). The Essential Child is the first recipient of the award. It was selected from among 10 nominations of volumes published in 2002 or 2003; the other nominees are listed below. The volumes were considered by committee members Patricia Bauer (Chair), Judy DeLoache, Jean Mandler, Nora Newcombe, and Steve Reznick. Congratulations Susan Gelman, on receipt of the first Cognitive Development Society Best Authored Book Award. 相似文献
244.
Sonja Eubanks Higgins Patricia McCarthy Veach Ian M. MacFarlane L. DiAnne Borders Bonnie LeRoy Nancy Callanan 《Journal of genetic counseling》2013,22(1):39-57
Clinical supervision is a critical component of genetic counseling student preparation, yet empirically-determined competencies for genetic counseling supervisors are lacking. In this study a modified, two-round Delphi method was used to gain consensus about important genetic counseling supervisor knowledge, characteristics, and skills. Program directors and assistant directors of American Board of Genetic Counseling accredited genetic counseling programs in North America (N?=?33) were invited to participate and to recruit three experienced supervisors. Seventy-four individuals completed Round 1 and, of these, 61 completed Round 2. Approximately two-thirds were clinical supervisors from prenatal, pediatrics, cancer, and adult clinics; one-third were program directors. Participants rated the importance for genetic counseling supervisors of 158 items derived from supervision literature in allied health professions. They rated 142 items (89.9 %) as highly important. Content analysis of these items yielded six supervisor competency domains: Personal traits and characteristics; relationship building and maintenance; student evaluation; student centered supervision; guidance and monitoring of patient care; and ethical and legal aspects of supervision. The results provide a basis for training genetic counseling supervisors and for further research to refine and validate supervisor competencies. 相似文献
245.
Evangelia Demerouti Arnold B. Bakker Patricia Voydanoff 《European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology》2013,22(2):128-149
The study examines whether home life influences inrole and extrarole job performance in positive or negative ways. We hypothesized that home resources would have a direct positive effect on job performance, and an indirect relationship through home–work facilitation (HWF). Home demands were predicted to negatively affect job performance through home–work interference (HWI). These hypotheses were tested on a sample of 190 male employees. In addition to employees' self-reports, wives rated their own home demands and resources (these were used as controls), and co-workers rated the men's HWI, HWF, and job performance. Results partially supported the hypotheses. Men's home demands and resources were related to self-rated HWI and HWF respectively, whereas co-worker ratings of HWI and HWF were associated with inrole and extrarole performance respectively. Men's home resources also had a direct relationship with inrole and extrarole performance. There was no convincing evidence that HWI and HWF acted as mediators in these relationships. Taken together, the positive influence of home life on job performance was stronger than the negative one. 相似文献
246.
Patricia Goodyear 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2013,15(1):43-55
This is a study which investigates some difficulties people with schizophrenia have in the long term; looks at some of the psychoanalytical theories concerning the difficulties they have in keeping an internal caring maternal imago; the consequences for them; how the NHS can help by providing an external caring maternal imago. 相似文献
247.
Patricia A. Tun Arthur Wingfield 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(1):29-44
An experiment is reported in which young and elderly subjects listened to and recalled spoken passages that ranged from highly predictable to low in predictability, under both single-task conditions and dual-task conditions in which passages were presented concurrently with a speeded matching task. Age differences in memory for the passages were shown to vary according to both the predictability of the text, and the level of importance of information. Although the elderly recalled less than the young, they showed similar patterns of recall for major ideas. At the level of details, however, age differences were larger as passages became less predictable. Age differences in memory were not magnified by the requirement to divide attention, regardless of whether an easy or more difficult concurrent task was presented. These findings suggest that although speech-processing ability in old age shows considerable resilience to conditions of heavy load, including divided attention, age-related changes may be observed at lower levels of information. 相似文献
248.
Benito Arias Miguel Ángel Verdugo Patricia Navas Laura E. Gómez 《International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology》2013,13(2):155-166
Although the presence of significant limitations in adaptive behavior constitutes one of the three necessary criteria for diagnosing intellectual disability, adaptive behavior structure has always been the subject of considerable controversy among researchers. The main goal of this study is to extend previous research results that provide further support to a multidimensional structure of conceptual, social, and practical skills compared to the unidimensional structure. One-factor and 3-correlated factors models as measured by 15 observable indicators were analyzed by means of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), as well as their relationships with one second-order factor (i.e., adaptive behavior). To that end, 388 children with and without intellectual disabilities were assessed with the Diagnostic Adaptive Behavior Scale (DABS). Results of CFA indicated that the 3 first-order factors solution provides the best fit to the data. Reliability and validity of the multidimensional model were also analyzed through different methods such as the composite reliability and the average variance extracted. Finally, implications of these findings and possible directions for future research are discussed. 相似文献
249.
250.
The Psychological Record - Previous research has demonstrated that rats’ rates of lever pressing for 1% liquid-sucrose reinforcers in the first half of a 50-min session increase when... 相似文献